{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322630147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052663","title":"Detection of Management-Frames-Based Denial-of-Service Attack in Wireless LAN Network Using Artificial Neural Network","display_name":"Detection of Management-Frames-Based Denial-of-Service Attack in Wireless LAN Network Using Artificial Neural Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322630147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052663","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052663","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2663/pdf?version=1677579257","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2663/pdf?version=1677579257","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009670447","display_name":"Abdallah Elhigazi Abdallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-8304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090078","display_name":"The Future University","ror":"https://ror.org/0092t1z08","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090078"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Elhigazi Abdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Future University, Khartoum 10553, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Future University, Khartoum 10553, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010803372","display_name":"Mosab Hamdan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-3028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mosab Hamdan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-090, Brazil","Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-3028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-090, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029460291","display_name":"Mohammed S. M. Gismalla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8743-6859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed S. M. Gismalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8743-6859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059481733","display_name":"Ashraf Osman Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5526-3623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Osman Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Machine Intelligence Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia","Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5526-3623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Machine Intelligence Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048113450","display_name":"Nouf Saleh Aljurayban","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nouf Saleh Aljurayban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AL-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AL-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005065236","display_name":"Wamda Nagmeldin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-3242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wamda Nagmeldin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AL-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AL-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073536255","display_name":"Mutaz H. H. Khairi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-7642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090078","display_name":"The Future University","ror":"https://ror.org/0092t1z08","country_code":"SD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090078"]}],"countries":["SD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mutaz H. H. Khairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Future University, Khartoum 10553, Sudan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-7642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Future University, Khartoum 10553, Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090078"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059481733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9208,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86195724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"2663","last_page":"2663"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.8274352550506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7292309999465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7183287739753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5269720554351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.518765926361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4640900492668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4405503571033478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20671698451042175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.8274352550506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7292309999465942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7183287739753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5269720554351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.518765926361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4640900492668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4405503571033478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20671698451042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052663","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2663/pdf?version=1677579257","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36904866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10007543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10007543","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10007543/pdf/sensors-23-02663.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a715d9736714c7bb322da48b7baaaeb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a715d9736714c7bb322da48b7baaaeb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 2663 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/5/2663/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052663","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2663/pdf?version=1677579257","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2965330000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UMS/PPI-DPJ1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323704","funder_display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sabah"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323704","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322630147.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551333318","https://openalex.org/W1647258921","https://openalex.org/W1994775015","https://openalex.org/W2020532596","https://openalex.org/W2020810566","https://openalex.org/W2101866211","https://openalex.org/W2132047492","https://openalex.org/W2141772673","https://openalex.org/W2142411122","https://openalex.org/W2622559397","https://openalex.org/W2889474184","https://openalex.org/W2912726226","https://openalex.org/W2983928347","https://openalex.org/W3101417019","https://openalex.org/W3172979816","https://openalex.org/W4207085300","https://openalex.org/W4229016148","https://openalex.org/W4247917867","https://openalex.org/W4280630885","https://openalex.org/W4293282288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W335511927","https://openalex.org/W4239662759","https://openalex.org/W2471811227","https://openalex.org/W3133147449","https://openalex.org/W1901143057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"Local":[1],"Area":[2],"Networks":[3],"(WLANs)":[4],"have":[5],"become":[6],"an":[7,34,120],"increasingly":[8],"popular":[9],"mode":[10],"of":[11,19,28,41,77,85,200,217],"communication":[12,147],"and":[13,118,141,164,194,206,215,246],"networking,":[14],"with":[15,58],"a":[16,191,240,247],"wide":[17],"range":[18],"applications":[20],"in":[21,36,51,70,90,166,203,231],"various":[22],"fields.":[23],"However,":[24],"the":[25,53,56,71,86,98,167,176,178,198,208,213,222,225],"increasing":[26],"popularity":[27],"WLANs":[29],"has":[30,207],"also":[31],"led":[32],"to":[33,109,135,161,182,197,210,221,234],"increase":[35],"security":[37,88,214],"threats,":[38],"including":[39],"denial":[40,76],"service":[42,78],"(DoS)":[43,79],"attacks.":[44,112,130,152,187],"In":[45],"this":[46],"study,":[47],"management-frames-based":[48,128],"DoS":[49,111,129,186,201],"attacks,":[50],"which":[52],"attacker":[54],"floods":[55],"network":[57,123,143],"management":[59,168],"frames,":[60],"are":[61,102],"particularly":[62],"concerning":[63],"as":[64,75,237],"they":[65],"can":[66,80,106,180],"cause":[67],"widespread":[68],"disruptions":[69],"network.":[72],"Attacks":[73],"known":[74],"target":[81],"wireless":[82,87,172,204],"LANs.":[83],"None":[84],"mechanisms":[89],"use":[91],"today":[92],"contemplate":[93],"defence":[94],"against":[95],"them.":[96],"At":[97],"MAC":[99],"layer,":[100],"there":[101],"multiple":[103],"vulnerabilities":[104],"that":[105],"be":[107],"exploited":[108],"launch":[110],"This":[113,188],"paper":[114],"focuses":[115],"on":[116],"designing":[117],"developing":[119],"artificial":[121],"neural":[122],"(NN)":[124],"scheme":[125,133,156],"for":[126],"detecting":[127],"The":[131,153],"proposed":[132,154,226],"aims":[134],"effectively":[136],"detect":[137,184],"fake":[138],"de-authentication/disassociation":[139],"frames":[140,169],"improve":[142],"performance":[144],"by":[145,150,239],"avoiding":[146],"interruption":[148],"caused":[149],"such":[151],"NN":[155],"leverages":[157],"machine":[158],"learning":[159],"techniques":[160],"analyse":[162],"patterns":[163],"features":[165],"exchanged":[170],"between":[171],"devices.":[173],"By":[174],"training":[175],"NN,":[177],"system":[179],"learn":[181],"accurately":[183],"potential":[185,209],"approach":[189],"offers":[190],"more":[192],"sophisticated":[193],"effective":[195],"solution":[196],"problem":[199],"attacks":[202],"LANs":[205],"significantly":[211,241],"enhance":[212],"reliability":[216],"these":[218],"networks.":[219],"According":[220],"experimental":[223],"results,":[224],"technique":[227],"exhibits":[228],"higher":[229],"effectiveness":[230],"detection":[232],"compared":[233],"existing":[235],"methods,":[236],"evidenced":[238],"increased":[242],"true":[243],"positive":[244,250],"rate":[245],"decreased":[248],"false":[249],"rate.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}