{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322627998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052659","title":"Management of Climate Resilience: Exploring the Potential of Digital Twin Technology, 3D City Modelling, and Early Warning Systems","display_name":"Management of Climate Resilience: Exploring the Potential of Digital Twin Technology, 3D City Modelling, and Early Warning Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322627998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052659","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052659","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2659/pdf?version=1677579334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2659/pdf?version=1677579334","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033797198","display_name":"Khurram Riaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-1426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152698","display_name":"Atlantic Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0458dap48","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152698"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82288201","display_name":"Institute of Technology Sligo","ror":"https://ror.org/032fvf508","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82288201"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Riaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-1426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152698","https://openalex.org/I82288201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054761952","display_name":"Marion McAfee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-1215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152698","display_name":"Atlantic Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0458dap48","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152698"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82288201","display_name":"Institute of Technology Sligo","ror":"https://ror.org/032fvf508","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82288201"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marion McAfee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-1215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152698","https://openalex.org/I82288201"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089927212","display_name":"Salem Gharbia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-1841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152698","display_name":"Atlantic Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0458dap48","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152698"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82288201","display_name":"Institute of Technology Sligo","ror":"https://ror.org/032fvf508","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82288201"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salem S. Gharbia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-1841","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Atlantic Technological University, ATU Sligo, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152698","https://openalex.org/I82288201"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033797198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152698","https://openalex.org/I82288201"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":30.8779,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99860009,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"2659","last_page":"2659"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.907800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.6758617162704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.6539362668991089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-warning-system","display_name":"Early warning system","score":0.5454069972038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.4822321832180023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47798246145248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4770067036151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-resilience","display_name":"Psychological resilience","score":0.4708406925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4194833040237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.4163411855697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-resilience","display_name":"Climate resilience","score":0.4145921468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.389139324426651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.332427442073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.29292726516723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.19738128781318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12867379188537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11063721776008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09366697072982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08796808123588562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.6758617162704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6539362668991089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779296788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326904","display_name":"Early warning system","level":3,"score":0.5454069972038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.4822321832180023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47798246145248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4770067036151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.4708406925201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4194833040237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.4163411855697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779507241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072637","display_name":"Climate resilience","level":3,"score":0.4145921468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.389139324426651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.332427442073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29292726516723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.19738128781318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12867379188537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11063721776008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09366697072982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08796808123588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052659","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2659/pdf?version=1677579334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36904867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10007107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10007107","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10007107/pdf/sensors-23-02659.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d938a361d7c4ce398766f5e75875045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d938a361d7c4ce398766f5e75875045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 2659 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/5/2659/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052659","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2659/pdf?version=1677579334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1261825044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101003534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322627998.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005281754","https://openalex.org/W2006815145","https://openalex.org/W2030528604","https://openalex.org/W2032082575","https://openalex.org/W2034340563","https://openalex.org/W2041306191","https://openalex.org/W2052531283","https://openalex.org/W2067384918","https://openalex.org/W2080270090","https://openalex.org/W2087559371","https://openalex.org/W2095130679","https://openalex.org/W2106737203","https://openalex.org/W2152156596","https://openalex.org/W2170412510","https://openalex.org/W2238169501","https://openalex.org/W2240901039","https://openalex.org/W2282970093","https://openalex.org/W2329215981","https://openalex.org/W2507677059","https://openalex.org/W2597150627","https://openalex.org/W2735797103","https://openalex.org/W2736809319","https://openalex.org/W2742292956","https://openalex.org/W2745597721","https://openalex.org/W2753689584","https://openalex.org/W2766022134","https://openalex.org/W2767968188","https://openalex.org/W2773417310","https://openalex.org/W2790918350","https://openalex.org/W2791901767","https://openalex.org/W2793849561","https://openalex.org/W2794202219","https://openalex.org/W2797171939","https://openalex.org/W2802270964","https://openalex.org/W2808777264","https://openalex.org/W2808904300","https://openalex.org/W2887187916","https://openalex.org/W2888757020","https://openalex.org/W2890904471","https://openalex.org/W2892987124","https://openalex.org/W2900391132","https://openalex.org/W2912224254","https://openalex.org/W2912389069","https://openalex.org/W2917763923","https://openalex.org/W2933265416","https://openalex.org/W2937908770","https://openalex.org/W2944665834","https://openalex.org/W2957191013","https://openalex.org/W2958383738","https://openalex.org/W2972913676","https://openalex.org/W2973738975","https://openalex.org/W2986857771","https://openalex.org/W2989908236","https://openalex.org/W2994975855","https://openalex.org/W2997072997","https://openalex.org/W3003285143","https://openalex.org/W3004455307","https://openalex.org/W3004802603","https://openalex.org/W3011949915","https://openalex.org/W3011950450","https://openalex.org/W3014048166","https://openalex.org/W3015487859","https://openalex.org/W3015778711","https://openalex.org/W3021269643","https://openalex.org/W3028945978","https://openalex.org/W3032393785","https://openalex.org/W3033488092","https://openalex.org/W3036465233","https://openalex.org/W3037330507","https://openalex.org/W3043640231","https://openalex.org/W3046143180","https://openalex.org/W3049345226","https://openalex.org/W3083453405","https://openalex.org/W3089354634","https://openalex.org/W3091049267","https://openalex.org/W3092406386","https://openalex.org/W3095946865","https://openalex.org/W3102285533","https://openalex.org/W3106864127","https://openalex.org/W3112130234","https://openalex.org/W3112581470","https://openalex.org/W3113260751","https://openalex.org/W3114756775","https://openalex.org/W3120064844","https://openalex.org/W3120479527","https://openalex.org/W3131515322","https://openalex.org/W3134005290","https://openalex.org/W3135141666","https://openalex.org/W3136563516","https://openalex.org/W3136881915","https://openalex.org/W3138870507","https://openalex.org/W3146142859","https://openalex.org/W3163356365","https://openalex.org/W3163679184","https://openalex.org/W3173271464","https://openalex.org/W3177615208","https://openalex.org/W3184017268","https://openalex.org/W3184070885","https://openalex.org/W3184384058","https://openalex.org/W3196047744","https://openalex.org/W3200276418","https://openalex.org/W3201414524","https://openalex.org/W3202609635","https://openalex.org/W3205056669","https://openalex.org/W3206058591","https://openalex.org/W3207455277","https://openalex.org/W3208925944","https://openalex.org/W4200605290","https://openalex.org/W4205311644","https://openalex.org/W4220712317","https://openalex.org/W4220760621","https://openalex.org/W4281253027","https://openalex.org/W4287512205","https://openalex.org/W4307945793","https://openalex.org/W4308069103","https://openalex.org/W4318612631","https://openalex.org/W6742384233","https://openalex.org/W6773166115","https://openalex.org/W6791442222","https://openalex.org/W6791888246","https://openalex.org/W6805314021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019221308","https://openalex.org/W2366686155","https://openalex.org/W1044530532","https://openalex.org/W2383173999","https://openalex.org/W2899102479","https://openalex.org/W3125817379","https://openalex.org/W2369926976","https://openalex.org/W2381743810","https://openalex.org/W2349162035","https://openalex.org/W2402451758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cities,":[0],"and":[1,60,74,84,145,174,198,200,208],"in":[2,5,28,87,192,215,240,254],"particular":[3],"those":[4],"coastal":[6],"low-lying":[7],"areas,":[8,242],"are":[9,36,225],"becoming":[10],"increasingly":[11],"susceptible":[12],"to":[13,38,55,233,247],"climate":[14,43,94,185,252],"change,":[15],"the":[16,23,71,88,97,110,127,138,150,157,165,175,188,193,206,227,235,255],"impact":[17],"of":[18,77,90,100,115,140,152,168,195,210,229],"which":[19,122,243],"is":[20,179,190],"worsened":[21],"by":[22,238],"tendency":[24],"for":[25,92,129,183,250],"population":[26],"concentration":[27],"these":[29],"areas.":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"comprehensive":[32],"early":[33,81,153],"warning":[34,82,154],"systems":[35],"necessary":[37],"minimize":[39],"harm":[40],"from":[41],"extreme":[42],"events":[44],"on":[45],"communities.":[46],"Ideally,":[47],"such":[48],"a":[49,66,130,171,211,216],"system":[50],"would":[51],"allow":[52],"all":[53],"stakeholders":[54],"acquire":[56],"accurate":[57],"up-to-date":[58],"information":[59],"respond":[61],"effectively.":[62],"This":[63,161],"paper":[64],"presents":[65],"systematic":[67],"review":[68,162],"that":[69,164],"highlights":[70],"significance,":[72],"potential,":[73],"future":[75],"directions":[76],"3D":[78,141],"city":[79,143],"modelling,":[80],"systems,":[83],"digital":[85,131,172,218,230],"twins":[86],"creation":[89],"technology":[91,232],"building":[93],"resilience":[95,253],"through":[96,109],"effective":[98],"management":[99],"smart":[101],"cities.":[102],"In":[103],"total,":[104],"68":[105],"papers":[106],"were":[107,119],"identified":[108],"PRISMA":[111],"approach.":[112],"A":[113],"total":[114],"37":[116],"case":[117],"studies":[118],"included,":[120],"among":[121],"(n":[123,134,146],"=":[124,135,147],"10)":[125],"define":[126],"framework":[128],"twin":[132,231],"technology,":[133],"14)":[136],"involve":[137],"design":[139],"virtual":[142],"models,":[144],"13)":[148],"entail":[149],"generation":[151],"alerts":[155],"using":[156],"real-time":[158],"sensor":[159],"data.":[160],"concludes":[163],"bidirectional":[166,212],"flow":[167,214],"data":[169,213],"between":[170],"model":[173],"real":[176],"physical":[177],"environment":[178],"an":[180],"emerging":[181],"concept":[182],"enhancing":[184,251],"resilience.":[186],"However,":[187],"research":[189,202,223],"primarily":[191],"phase":[194],"theoretical":[196],"concepts":[197],"discussion,":[199],"numerous":[201],"gaps":[203],"remain":[204],"regarding":[205],"implementation":[207],"use":[209],"true":[217],"twin.":[219],"Nonetheless,":[220],"ongoing":[221],"innovative":[222],"projects":[224],"exploring":[226],"potential":[228],"address":[234],"challenges":[236],"faced":[237],"communities":[239],"vulnerable":[241],"will":[244],"hopefully":[245],"lead":[246],"practical":[248],"solutions":[249],"near":[256],"future.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}