{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322503596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052570","title":"Optimization of the Outlet Shape of an Air Circulation System for Reduction of Indoor Temperature Difference","display_name":"Optimization of the Outlet Shape of an Air Circulation System for Reduction of Indoor Temperature Difference","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322503596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052570","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052570","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2570/pdf?version=1677639502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2570/pdf?version=1677639502","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112898437","display_name":"Jin-Young Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206597221","display_name":"Kongju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0373nm262","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Young Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Mechanical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7577-472X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mechanical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055771321","display_name":"Youngjun Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9578-1943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142655","display_name":"Jusung Engineering (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/0493cs919","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142655"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Jun Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Doohyun Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., Hongseong-gun 32219, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doohyun Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., Hongseong-gun 32219, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142655"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112898438","display_name":"Young-Choon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206597221","display_name":"Kongju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0373nm262","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young-Choon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112898438"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206597221"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4941,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85429888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"2570","last_page":"2570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11945","display_name":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-radiant-temperature","display_name":"Mean radiant temperature","score":0.5873813033103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5278375148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airflow","display_name":"Airflow","score":0.46556663513183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/installation","display_name":"Installation","score":0.45863354206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.45522603392601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taguchi-methods","display_name":"Taguchi methods","score":0.4471313953399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.44290614128112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-temperature","display_name":"Air temperature","score":0.44285672903060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.43560606241226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-array","display_name":"Orthogonal array","score":0.41562020778656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.41139236092567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37538713216781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3532641530036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2756275534629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22138521075248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.21992889046669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2122940719127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.171808660030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15273001790046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13036885857582092}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42683663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517834","display_name":"Mean radiant temperature","level":3,"score":0.5873813033103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5278375148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116067010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698686","display_name":"Airflow","level":2,"score":0.46556663513183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146778888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836862","display_name":"Installation","level":2,"score":0.45863354206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.45522603392601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83469408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525","display_name":"Taguchi methods","level":2,"score":0.4471313953399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.44290614128112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.44285672903060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43560606241226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42632107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2031860","display_name":"Orthogonal array","level":3,"score":0.41562020778656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.41139236092567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37538713216781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3532641530036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2756275534629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22138521075248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.21992889046669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2122940719127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.171808660030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15273001790046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13036885857582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052570","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2570/pdf?version=1677639502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36904772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10007028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10007028","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10007028/pdf/sensors-23-02570.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e42438ca46a43979d9a516538aff898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e42438ca46a43979d9a516538aff898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 2570 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/5/2570/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052570","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2570/pdf?version=1677639502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1425363173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3381748240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321251","display_name":"Kongju National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0373nm262"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322503596.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299128113","https://openalex.org/W842998080","https://openalex.org/W2004450045","https://openalex.org/W2050059579","https://openalex.org/W2076137716","https://openalex.org/W2267435661","https://openalex.org/W2570439813","https://openalex.org/W2756127916","https://openalex.org/W2781679986","https://openalex.org/W2802156269","https://openalex.org/W2904462474","https://openalex.org/W3067749758","https://openalex.org/W3146564116","https://openalex.org/W6623581558","https://openalex.org/W6669642554","https://openalex.org/W6747473337","https://openalex.org/W6751296173","https://openalex.org/W6793146746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990304177","https://openalex.org/W4230430713","https://openalex.org/W165556915","https://openalex.org/W2107463213","https://openalex.org/W2618375823","https://openalex.org/W3171028201","https://openalex.org/W186921175","https://openalex.org/W2319962314","https://openalex.org/W2031366916","https://openalex.org/W2983314446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,58],"study":[1,59],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,151,171,218],"air":[4,14,89,250,255,289],"circulation":[5,90,256,290],"system":[6,257],"that":[7],"can":[8,318],"forcibly":[9],"circulate":[10],"the":[11,16,39,45,51,64,69,75,81,84,88,113,131,134,139,147,158,176,180,188,194,202,206,226,254,259,263,271,287,306,313,322,327,330],"lowest":[12],"cold":[13],"to":[15,37,62,137,174,240,274,298],"top":[17],"of":[18,30,41,54,74,83,87,94,102,112,244,278],"indoor":[19,77,172],"smart":[20],"farms,":[21],"and":[22,28,33,47,71,107,123,142,161,182,201,208,233,270,293,303,309,315],"it":[23,108],"has":[24],"a":[25,100,215,223,242,276],"width,":[26],"length,":[27],"height":[29],"6,":[31],"12,":[32],"2.5":[34],"m,":[35],"respectively,":[36],"reduce":[38,63],"effect":[40],"temperature":[42,65,168,177,196,203,228,265,310],"differences":[43],"between":[44,68,179,205,312],"upper":[46,70,181,207,314],"lower":[48,72,183,209,316],"parts":[49,73,184,210,317],"on":[50,133,146],"growth":[52],"rate":[53],"plants":[55],"in":[56,170,253,301],"winter.":[57],"also":[60],"aimed":[61],"deviation":[66,197,229,266],"generated":[67],"target":[76],"space":[78,173],"by":[79,156,165],"optimizing":[80],"shape":[82,324],"manufactured":[85,155],"outlet":[86,219,261,323,331],"system.":[91],"A":[92],"table":[93],"L9":[95],"orthogonal":[96],"arrays,":[97],"which":[98],"is":[99],"design":[101,115],"experiment":[103],"methodology,":[104],"was":[105,128,154,198,230,251,267,283],"used,":[106],"presented":[109],"three":[110],"levels":[111],"following":[114],"variables:":[116],"blade":[117,119],"angle,":[118],"number,":[120],"output":[121],"height,":[122],"flow":[124],"radius.":[125],"Flow":[126],"analysis":[127,149],"performed":[129],"for":[130,187],"experiments":[132,162],"nine":[135],"models":[136],"minimize":[138],"high":[140],"time":[141,186,272,308],"cost":[143],"requirements.":[144],"Based":[145],"derived":[148],"results,":[150],"optimized":[152],"prototype":[153],"applying":[157],"Taguchi":[159],"method,":[160],"were":[163,238],"conducted":[164],"installing":[166],"54":[167],"points":[169],"identify":[175],"difference":[178,204,243,277,311],"over":[185],"performance":[189],"experiment.":[190],"Under":[191],"natural":[192],"convection,":[193],"minimum":[195,227,264],"2.2":[199],"\u00b0C":[200,232,269,282],"did":[211],"not":[212],"decrease.":[213],"For":[214],"model":[216],"without":[217,329],"shape,":[220,262],"such":[221],"as":[222],"vertical":[224],"fan,":[225],"0.8":[231],"at":[234],"least":[235],"530":[236],"s":[237],"required":[239,273],"reach":[241,275],"less":[245,279],"than":[246,280],"2":[247,281],"\u00b0C.":[248],"When":[249],"circulated":[252],"with":[258,326],"proposed":[260,288],"0.6":[268],"440":[284],"s.":[285],"Using":[286],"system,":[291],"cooling":[292],"heating":[294],"costs":[295],"are":[296],"expected":[297],"be":[299,319],"reduced":[300,320],"summer":[302],"winter":[304],"because":[305],"arrival":[307],"using":[321],"compared":[325],"case":[328],"shape.":[332]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}