{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322503336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052556","title":"Electronic Beam Steering Metamaterial Antenna with Dual-Tuned Mode of Liquid Crystal Material","display_name":"Electronic Beam Steering Metamaterial Antenna with Dual-Tuned Mode of Liquid Crystal Material","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322503336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052556","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2556/pdf?version=1677577237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2556/pdf?version=1677577237","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023678565","display_name":"Shuang Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110034, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110034, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101575478","display_name":"Xuenan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-1114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue-Nan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110034, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110034, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645812","display_name":"Zhandong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhan-Dong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Aviation, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110034, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Aviation, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110034, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102307882","display_name":"Jun-Jun Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Jun Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110034, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110034, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101645812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.8439,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93220748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"2556","last_page":"2556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.8213738799095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.7889611721038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial-antenna","display_name":"Metamaterial antenna","score":0.6912150382995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6441240906715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.596842348575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5152714252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-band-device","display_name":"Multi-band device","score":0.4936155080795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4742668867111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.42452776432037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-matching","display_name":"Impedance matching","score":0.4119085967540741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.40472662448883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.39265406131744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.265342652797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.22242391109466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22032231092453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial-antenna","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","score":0.2100132703781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.195684015750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.1644681990146637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.8213738799095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.7889611721038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129828019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12326787","display_name":"Metamaterial antenna","level":5,"score":0.6912150382995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6441240906715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.596842348575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5152714252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134546842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756885","display_name":"Multi-band device","level":3,"score":0.4936155080795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4742668867111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.42452776432037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C612350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761108","display_name":"Impedance matching","level":3,"score":0.4119085967540741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.40472662448883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.39265406131744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.265342652797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.22242391109466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22032231092453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93130614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5138671","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","level":4,"score":0.2100132703781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.195684015750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.1644681990146637}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2556/pdf?version=1677577237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36904760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10007025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10007025","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10007025/pdf/sensors-23-02556.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c37e7cd779244b2c8d1bee6ee3d63eae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c37e7cd779244b2c8d1bee6ee3d63eae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 2556 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/5/2556/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052556","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2556/pdf?version=1677577237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7919164403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-BS-216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322503336.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534864144","https://openalex.org/W1967606079","https://openalex.org/W2001079096","https://openalex.org/W2004033931","https://openalex.org/W2036896406","https://openalex.org/W2037419170","https://openalex.org/W2040199755","https://openalex.org/W2069788655","https://openalex.org/W2071199524","https://openalex.org/W2091803720","https://openalex.org/W2118713515","https://openalex.org/W2139893333","https://openalex.org/W2279472702","https://openalex.org/W2291876456","https://openalex.org/W2468871183","https://openalex.org/W2473314687","https://openalex.org/W2520012489","https://openalex.org/W2526127871","https://openalex.org/W2595339158","https://openalex.org/W2606587541","https://openalex.org/W2616515859","https://openalex.org/W2731105041","https://openalex.org/W2780101710","https://openalex.org/W2790770020","https://openalex.org/W2793937840","https://openalex.org/W2794318778","https://openalex.org/W2889387889","https://openalex.org/W2898002106","https://openalex.org/W2904450568","https://openalex.org/W2971911024","https://openalex.org/W2979174841","https://openalex.org/W3005328294","https://openalex.org/W3008444211","https://openalex.org/W3012413294","https://openalex.org/W3014465349","https://openalex.org/W3017915565","https://openalex.org/W3047683642","https://openalex.org/W3130044544","https://openalex.org/W3132203784","https://openalex.org/W3169155179","https://openalex.org/W3204428963","https://openalex.org/W4200376983","https://openalex.org/W6790610153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3081127171","https://openalex.org/W2608366722","https://openalex.org/W2418754649","https://openalex.org/W3160921700","https://openalex.org/W2982446257","https://openalex.org/W2019843762","https://openalex.org/W4280583466","https://openalex.org/W2027780375","https://openalex.org/W2909520695","https://openalex.org/W4296558874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"a":[3,47,90,125,161],"dual-tuned":[4,27,86,132,177],"mode":[5,28,87,178],"of":[6,29,34,75,84,88,183],"liquid":[7],"crystal":[8],"(LC)":[9],"material":[10,66,185],"was":[11],"proposed":[12,176],"and":[13,188],"adopted":[14],"on":[15,97,124],"reconfigurable":[16],"metamaterial":[17,122,140],"antennas":[18],"to":[19,115,149,168],"expand":[20],"the":[21,30,51,64,73,82,85,139,155,181,190],"fixed-frequency":[22],"beam-steering":[23,120,145,156,191],"range.":[24],"The":[25,134,175],"novel":[26],"LC":[31,36,53,65,76,106,184],"is":[32,94],"composed":[33],"double":[35,52],"layers":[37,54],"combined":[38],"with":[39,58,100,131,171],"composite":[40],"right/left-handed":[41],"(CRLH)":[42],"transmission":[43],"line":[44],"theory.":[45],"Through":[46],"multi-separated":[48],"metal":[49],"layer,":[50],"can":[55,77,179],"be":[56,78],"loaded":[57],"controllable":[59],"bias":[60],"voltage":[61],"independently.":[62],"Therefore,":[63],"exhibits":[67],"four":[68],"extreme":[69],"states,":[70],"among":[71],"which":[72],"permittivity":[74],"varied":[79],"linearly.":[80],"On":[81],"strength":[83],"LC,":[89],"CRLH":[91,110,121],"unit":[92,111],"cell":[93],"elaborately":[95],"designed":[96],"three-layer":[98],"substrates":[99],"balanced":[101],"dispersion":[102],"values":[103],"under":[104],"arbitrary":[105],"state.":[107],"Then":[108],"five":[109],"cells":[112],"are":[113,158],"cascaded":[114],"form":[116],"an":[117],"electronically":[118],"controlled":[119],"antenna":[123,141],"downlink":[126],"Ku":[127],"satellite":[128],"communication":[129],"band":[130,164],"characteristics.":[133],"simulated":[135],"results":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"that":[138],"features'":[142],"continuous":[143],"electronic":[144],"capacity":[146],"from":[147,165],"broadside":[148],"-35\u00b0":[150],"at":[151],"14.4":[152],"GHz.":[153],"Furthermore,":[154],"properties":[157],"implemented":[159],"in":[160],"broad":[162],"frequency":[163],"13.8":[166],"GHz":[167],"17":[169],"GHz,":[170],"good":[172],"impedance":[173],"matching.":[174],"make":[180],"regulation":[182],"more":[186],"flexible":[187],"enlarge":[189],"range":[192],"simultaneously.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}