{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321788104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052486","title":"Convolutional Neural Network Model for Variety Classification and Seed Quality Assessment of Winter Rapeseed","display_name":"Convolutional Neural Network Model for Variety Classification and Seed Quality Assessment of Winter Rapeseed","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321788104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052486","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052486","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2486/pdf?version=1677149395","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2486/pdf?version=1677149395","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066429121","display_name":"P. Rybacki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-6491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55783418","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03tth1e03","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55783418"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Rybacki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Pozna\u0144, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-6491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55783418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029845740","display_name":"Janetta Niemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8011-9487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55783418","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03tth1e03","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55783418"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janetta Niemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Pozna\u0144, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8011-9487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55783418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003777836","display_name":"Kiril Bah\u0107evand\u017eiev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-2946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150309","display_name":"Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03n7krn06","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150309"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiril Bahcevandziev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural College of Coimbra (ESAC/IPC), Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-2946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural College of Coimbra (ESAC/IPC), Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073395322","display_name":"K. Durczak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-005X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55783418","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03tth1e03","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55783418"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karol Durczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-005X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55783418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066429121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55783418"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2669},"fwci":1.7341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81158879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"2486","last_page":"2486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12976","display_name":"Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapeseed","display_name":"Rapeseed","score":0.862371563911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.7265062928199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7076805830001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4557676911354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4526039659976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.44843995571136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4313865005970001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34553366899490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3293333947658539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.2834322452545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.22611239552497864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177932","display_name":"Rapeseed","level":2,"score":0.862371563911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7265062928199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7076805830001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4557676911354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4526039659976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.44843995571136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4313865005970001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34553366899490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3293333947658539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.2834322452545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22611239552497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029688","descriptor_name":"Brassica napus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029688","descriptor_name":"Brassica napus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029688","descriptor_name":"Brassica napus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052486","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2486/pdf?version=1677149395","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36904688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10007359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10007359","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10007359/pdf/sensors-23-02486.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:775e7cab1ca74e70828113fc7da3f75f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/775e7cab1ca74e70828113fc7da3f75f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 2486 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052486","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2486/pdf?version=1677149395","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321788104.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W814748546","https://openalex.org/W1894439495","https://openalex.org/W1965154800","https://openalex.org/W1987958290","https://openalex.org/W1998915466","https://openalex.org/W1999798000","https://openalex.org/W2058141908","https://openalex.org/W2064782300","https://openalex.org/W2072458717","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2096218607","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2100664567","https://openalex.org/W2112739286","https://openalex.org/W2137871970","https://openalex.org/W2154588964","https://openalex.org/W2198606573","https://openalex.org/W2340798338","https://openalex.org/W2396163815","https://openalex.org/W2492149243","https://openalex.org/W2524241275","https://openalex.org/W2544543652","https://openalex.org/W2562515443","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2593841437","https://openalex.org/W2595991490","https://openalex.org/W2604262106","https://openalex.org/W2615443837","https://openalex.org/W2767412132","https://openalex.org/W2781547414","https://openalex.org/W2781684738","https://openalex.org/W2887311010","https://openalex.org/W2894599567","https://openalex.org/W2895264687","https://openalex.org/W2902282562","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2919498704","https://openalex.org/W2940282374","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2962736495","https://openalex.org/W3017356236","https://openalex.org/W3099533866","https://openalex.org/W3115748921","https://openalex.org/W3130108755","https://openalex.org/W3134249935","https://openalex.org/W3172141974","https://openalex.org/W3174019663","https://openalex.org/W3193496855","https://openalex.org/W3197342611","https://openalex.org/W3204715695","https://openalex.org/W3205890633","https://openalex.org/W4205481066","https://openalex.org/W4206403974","https://openalex.org/W4207083865","https://openalex.org/W4210409881","https://openalex.org/W4211247625","https://openalex.org/W4213168381","https://openalex.org/W4220856278","https://openalex.org/W4226019087","https://openalex.org/W4237482915","https://openalex.org/W4281492951","https://openalex.org/W4297991949","https://openalex.org/W4301209072","https://openalex.org/W4307943814","https://openalex.org/W6679349572","https://openalex.org/W6683738474","https://openalex.org/W6723040224","https://openalex.org/W7061156641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225852842","https://openalex.org/W2767651786","https://openalex.org/W2563096758","https://openalex.org/W2912288872","https://openalex.org/W2936488316","https://openalex.org/W564581980","https://openalex.org/W4386053843","https://openalex.org/W3158004940","https://openalex.org/W4306753247","https://openalex.org/W2972035100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,132],"main":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,42,46,73,77,99,107,117,134,146,158,165,168,197],"this":[4],"study":[5],"is":[6,182,193],"to":[7,17,141,200,210],"develop":[8],"an":[9,43,144],"automatic":[10],"classification":[11],"model":[12,209],"for":[13,53,84],"winter":[14,79],"rapeseed":[15,80,180],"varieties,":[16],"assess":[18],"seed":[19,25,130,155],"maturity":[20,166],"and":[21,51,189],"damage":[22],"based":[23],"on":[24,70],"colour":[26],"using":[27],"a":[28,36,55,128,183,194],"convolutional":[29],"neural":[30],"network":[31],"(CNN).":[32],"A":[33],"CNN":[34,208],"with":[35,104,143],"fixed":[37],"architecture":[38],"was":[39,58,90,125,150],"built,":[40],"consisting":[41],"alternating":[44],"arrangement":[45],"five":[47],"classes":[48],"Conv2D,":[49],"MaxPooling2D":[50],"Dropout,":[52],"which":[54,205],"computational":[56],"algorithm":[57],"developed":[59],"in":[60,121],"the":[61,71,85,105,118,135,163,201,207],"Python":[62],"3.9":[63],"programming":[64],"language,":[65],"creating":[66,186],"six":[67],"models":[68],"depending":[69],"type":[72],"input":[74],"data.":[75],"Seeds":[76],"three":[78],"varieties":[81,156],"were":[82,102],"used":[83],"research.":[86],"Each":[87,116],"imaged":[88],"sample":[89],"20.000":[91],"g.":[92,115],"For":[93],"each":[94,122],"variety,":[95],"125":[96],"weight":[97,106,123,203],"groups":[98],"20":[100,119],"samples":[101,120],"prepared,":[103],"damaged":[108],"or":[109],"immature":[110],"seeds":[111,178,181,198],"increasing":[112],"by":[113,127],"0.161":[114],"group":[124],"marked":[126],"different":[129],"distribution.":[131],"accuracy":[133,149],"models'":[136],"validation":[137],"ranged":[138],"from":[139],"80.20":[140],"85.60%,":[142],"average":[145],"82.50%.":[147],"Higher":[148],"obtained":[151],"when":[152,161],"classifying":[153,162,175],"mature":[154],"(average":[157,167],"84.24%)":[159],"than":[160],"degree":[164],"80.76%).":[169],"It":[170],"can":[171],"be":[172],"stated":[173],"that":[174],"such":[176],"fine":[177],"as":[179,191,213],"complex":[184],"process,":[185],"major":[187],"problems":[188],"constraints,":[190],"there":[192],"distinct":[195],"distribution":[196],"belonging":[199],"same":[202],"groups,":[204],"causes":[206],"treat":[211],"them":[212],"different.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
