{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321598648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052460","title":"Integration of Task-Based Exoskeleton with an Assist-as-Needed Algorithm for Patient-Centered Elbow Rehabilitation","display_name":"Integration of Task-Based Exoskeleton with an Assist-as-Needed Algorithm for Patient-Centered Elbow Rehabilitation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321598648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052460","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052460","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2460/pdf?version=1677460339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2460/pdf?version=1677460339","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079969856","display_name":"Pablo Delgado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3918-5774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","display_name":"Wichita State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00c4e7y75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Delgado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072769387","display_name":"Yimesker Yihun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2869-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","display_name":"Wichita State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00c4e7y75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimesker Yihun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079969856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.0329,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91082938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"2460","last_page":"2460"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8104854822158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.645054817199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5512184500694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elbow","display_name":"Elbow","score":0.5440267324447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powered-exoskeleton","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","score":0.5270547866821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.510151207447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.4762278199195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biceps","display_name":"Biceps","score":0.4717479646205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4678440988063812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-of-motion","display_name":"Range of motion","score":0.45224320888519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3942788541316986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3730945587158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3515627980232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2582116425037384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1959419846534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.19401323795318604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8104854822158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.645054817199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5512184500694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586","display_name":"Elbow","level":2,"score":0.5440267324447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45391945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938523","display_name":"Powered exoskeleton","level":3,"score":0.5270547866821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.510151207447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.4762278199195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363","display_name":"Biceps","level":2,"score":0.4717479646205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4678440988063812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60465272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494478","display_name":"Range of motion","level":2,"score":0.45224320888519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3942788541316986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3730945587158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3515627980232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2582116425037384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1959419846534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.19401323795318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004550","descriptor_name":"Elbow","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004551","descriptor_name":"Elbow Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018802","descriptor_name":"Patient-Centered Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018802","descriptor_name":"Patient-Centered Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018802","descriptor_name":"Patient-Centered Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052460","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2460/pdf?version=1677460339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36904662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10006945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10006945","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10006945/pdf/sensors-23-02460.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14498063a33247939d82c887a149f076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14498063a33247939d82c887a149f076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 2460 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/5/2460/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052460","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2460/pdf?version=1677460339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2395982959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"915872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8358992678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1915872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/0471zv972"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321598648.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1935447363","https://openalex.org/W1965767412","https://openalex.org/W1987751736","https://openalex.org/W2013934681","https://openalex.org/W2020767966","https://openalex.org/W2069269081","https://openalex.org/W2069932138","https://openalex.org/W2078948578","https://openalex.org/W2081546500","https://openalex.org/W2108832705","https://openalex.org/W2115138492","https://openalex.org/W2121790431","https://openalex.org/W2155569675","https://openalex.org/W2165925185","https://openalex.org/W2533599559","https://openalex.org/W2802587944","https://openalex.org/W3008516834","https://openalex.org/W3094444014","https://openalex.org/W3121222079","https://openalex.org/W3131782536","https://openalex.org/W3162389080","https://openalex.org/W3183420447","https://openalex.org/W3208377512","https://openalex.org/W3209938875","https://openalex.org/W4210288523","https://openalex.org/W4285493892","https://openalex.org/W4293568811","https://openalex.org/W4294672655","https://openalex.org/W4296137487","https://openalex.org/W4297910233","https://openalex.org/W6667994154","https://openalex.org/W6774368305","https://openalex.org/W6790849650","https://openalex.org/W6795204575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378740985","https://openalex.org/W2026608054","https://openalex.org/W2313625853","https://openalex.org/W1989011507","https://openalex.org/W2908002960","https://openalex.org/W2071702107","https://openalex.org/W4386159943","https://openalex.org/W2808226217","https://openalex.org/W2062010076","https://openalex.org/W2780323031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,70,142],"Assist-as-Needed":[4],"(AAN)":[5],"Algorithm":[6],"for":[7,145],"controlling":[8],"a":[9,24,104],"bio-inspired":[10],"exoskeleton,":[11],"specifically":[12],"designed":[13],"to":[14,37,42,76,91,106,135],"aid":[15],"in":[16],"elbow-rehabilitation":[17],"exercises.":[18],"The":[19,50,111],"algorithm":[20,144],"is":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23,54,97,124],"Force":[25],"Sensitive":[26],"Resistor":[27],"(FSR)":[28],"Sensor":[29],"and":[30,63,132,139],"utilizes":[31],"machine-learning":[32],"algorithms":[33],"that":[34],"are":[35],"personalized":[36],"each":[38],"patient,":[39],"allowing":[40],"them":[41],"complete":[43,107],"the":[44,78,83,89,108],"exercise":[45],"by":[46,127],"themselves":[47],"whenever":[48],"possible.":[49],"system":[51,84],"was":[52],"tested":[53],"five":[55],"participants,":[56],"including":[57],"four":[58],"with":[59,65,69,94,120],"Spinal":[60],"Cord":[61],"Injury":[62],"one":[64],"Duchenne":[66],"Muscular":[67],"Dystrophy,":[68],"accuracy":[71],"of":[72,81,130,148],"91.22%.":[73],"In":[74],"addition":[75],"monitoring":[77],"elbow":[79],"range":[80,129],"motion,":[82],"uses":[85],"Electromyography":[86],"signals":[87],"from":[88],"biceps":[90],"provide":[92],"patients":[93,119],"real-time":[95],"feedback":[96,123],"their":[98,125],"progress,":[99],"which":[100],"can":[101],"serve":[102],"as":[103],"motivator":[105],"therapy":[109],"sessions.":[110],"study":[112],"has":[113],"two":[114],"main":[115],"contributions:":[116],"(1)":[117],"providing":[118],"real-time,":[121],"visual":[122],"progress":[126],"combining":[128],"motion":[131],"FSR":[133],"data":[134],"quantify":[136],"disability":[137],"levels,":[138],"(2)":[140],"developing":[141],"assist-as-needed":[143],"rehabilitative":[146],"support":[147],"robotic/exoskeleton":[149],"devices.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}