{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321599479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052457","title":"Personal VOCs Exposure with a Sensor Network Based on Low-Cost Gas Sensor, and Machine Learning Enabled Indoor Localization","display_name":"Personal VOCs Exposure with a Sensor Network Based on Low-Cost Gas Sensor, and Machine Learning Enabled Indoor Localization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321599479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052457","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2457/pdf?version=1677136622","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2457/pdf?version=1677136622","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023901324","display_name":"Leonardo Papale","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Papale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032320481","display_name":"Alexandro Catini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandro Catini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-2908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040718486","display_name":"Rosamaria Capuano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-0862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosamaria Capuano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-0862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082194933","display_name":"Valerio Allegra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Allegra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062989429","display_name":"Eugenio Martinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-2066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenio Martinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-2066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072155265","display_name":"Massimo Palmacci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Palmacci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075834202","display_name":"Giovanna Tranfo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-6046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119350","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione Contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro","ror":"https://ror.org/01t264m74","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119350"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanna Tranfo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, and Hygiene, Istituto Nazionale Assicurazione Infortuni sul Lavoro, Monte Porzio Catone, 00144 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-6046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, and Hygiene, Istituto Nazionale Assicurazione Infortuni sul Lavoro, Monte Porzio Catone, 00144 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056170822","display_name":"Corrado Di Natale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-4348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corrado Di Natale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-4348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032320481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69413802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"2457","last_page":"2457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.719476580619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6121960282325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5698926448822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5687606334686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4542168080806732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-array","display_name":"Sensor array","score":0.43518081307411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3684811592102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16052594780921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11876991391181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.09857121109962463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.719476580619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6121960282325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5698926448822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5687606334686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4542168080806732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66251956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451086","display_name":"Sensor array","level":2,"score":0.43518081307411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3684811592102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16052594780921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11876991391181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.09857121109962463}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2457/pdf?version=1677136622","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36904660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36904660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10007132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10007132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a5b4801547bd4fa5889de3cd6bde3b04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a5b4801547bd4fa5889de3cd6bde3b04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 5, p 2457 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/5/2457/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23052457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2457/pdf?version=1677136622","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G625893745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRIC2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324633","funder_display_name":"Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione Contro Gli Infortuni sul Lavoro"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324633","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione Contro Gli Infortuni sul Lavoro","ror":"https://ror.org/01t264m74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321599479.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1654716554","https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W1971842403","https://openalex.org/W1987275728","https://openalex.org/W2043050651","https://openalex.org/W2100796177","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2117848827","https://openalex.org/W2178557924","https://openalex.org/W2265608995","https://openalex.org/W2462826356","https://openalex.org/W2574500110","https://openalex.org/W2749750670","https://openalex.org/W2779673798","https://openalex.org/W2806729898","https://openalex.org/W2810403017","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2972355358","https://openalex.org/W3009228778","https://openalex.org/W3011320190","https://openalex.org/W3037688066","https://openalex.org/W3116792877","https://openalex.org/W3130412555","https://openalex.org/W4292934336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294565841","https://openalex.org/W2006668579","https://openalex.org/W3204276839","https://openalex.org/W4229671472","https://openalex.org/W2513792068","https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W2989915292","https://openalex.org/W2383801459","https://openalex.org/W2545256787","https://openalex.org/W4233785208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"locations":[1],"with":[2,100,133,157],"limited":[3],"air":[4],"exchange":[5],"can":[6],"easily":[7],"be":[8],"contaminated":[9],"by":[10,49,96,164],"harmful":[11],"volatile":[12],"compounds.":[13],"Thus,":[14],"is":[15,81],"of":[16,23,72,77,91,147,175],"great":[17],"interest":[18],"to":[19,26,143],"monitor":[20],"the":[21,46,70,82,98,107,145,158,170,176],"distribution":[22,146],"chemicals":[24],"indoors":[25],"reduce":[27],"associated":[28],"risks.":[29],"To":[30],"this":[31],"end,":[32],"we":[33],"introduce":[34],"a":[35,40,50,57,111,117,124,134,150,165],"monitoring":[36],"system":[37],"based":[38],"on":[39,116],"Machine":[41],"Learning":[42],"approach":[43],"that":[44],"processes":[45],"information":[47],"delivered":[48],"low-cost":[51],"wearable":[52],"VOC":[53,177],"sensor":[54,79,154],"incorporated":[55],"in":[56,110],"Wireless":[58],"Sensor":[59],"Network":[60],"(WSN).":[61],"The":[62,75,89,130,153],"WSN":[63],"includes":[64],"fixed":[65],"anchor":[66],"nodes":[67],"necessary":[68],"for":[69,85],"localization":[71,76,90,125,174],"mobile":[73,78,92],"devices.":[74],"units":[80],"main":[83],"challenge":[84],"indoor":[86,121],"applications.":[87],"Yes.":[88],"devices":[93],"was":[94,141],"performed":[95,115],"analyzing":[97],"RSSIs":[99],"machine":[101],"learning":[102],"algorithms":[103],"aimed":[104],"at":[105],"localizing":[106],"emitting":[108],"source":[109],"predefined":[112],"map.":[113],"Tests":[114],"120":[118],"m2":[119],"meandered":[120],"location":[122],"showed":[123],"accuracy":[126],"greater":[127],"than":[128],"99%.":[129],"WSN,":[131],"equipped":[132],"commercial":[135],"metal":[136],"oxide":[137],"semiconductor":[138],"gas":[139],"sensor,":[140],"used":[142],"map":[144],"ethanol":[148,160],"from":[149],"point-like":[151],"source.":[152,178],"signal":[155],"correlated":[156],"actual":[159],"concentration":[161],"as":[162],"measured":[163],"PhotoIonization":[166],"Detector":[167],"(PID),":[168],"demonstrating":[169],"simultaneous":[171],"detection":[172],"and":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
