{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321458620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042362","title":"Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representation via Auto-Encoding: A Survey","display_name":"Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled Representation via Auto-Encoding: A Survey","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321458620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042362","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23042362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/2362/pdf?version=1677142404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/2362/pdf?version=1677142404","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073137057","display_name":"Ikram Eddahmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-3734"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikram Eddahmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Generix Group, 75012 Paris, France","L@bISEN, LSL Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-3734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Generix Group, 75012 Paris, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"L@bISEN, LSL Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032799266","display_name":"Chi-Hieu Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-7746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161929037","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8h3982","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161929037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161065","display_name":"Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/05mqemx33","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210105774","https://openalex.org/I4210161065"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Hieu Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["L@bISEN, LSL Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France","LaTIM, INSERM UMR1101, University of Brest, 29200 Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L@bISEN, LSL Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LaTIM, INSERM UMR1101, University of Brest, 29200 Brest, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161065","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I161929037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054158425","display_name":"Thibault Napol\u00e9on","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-7705"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thibault Napol\u00e9on","raw_affiliation_strings":["L@bISEN, VISION-AD Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-7705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L@bISEN, VISION-AD Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027348414","display_name":"Isabelle Badoc","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabelle Badoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Generix Group, 75012 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Generix Group, 75012 Paris, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041290783","display_name":"Jean-Rassaire Fouefack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4111-3410"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Rassaire Fouefack","raw_affiliation_strings":["L@bISEN, LSL Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4111-3410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L@bISEN, LSL Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021288780","display_name":"Marwa El-Bouz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwa El-Bouz","raw_affiliation_strings":["L@bISEN, LSL Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L@bISEN, LSL Team, Yncrea Ouest, 29200 Brest, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032799266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I161929037","https://openalex.org/I4210161065"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.1675,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89415231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"2362","last_page":"2362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9556000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6862277388572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6782674193382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6716339588165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6574692726135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6321437358856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.588411808013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5849462747573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","score":0.5634044408798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5300706624984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4710761606693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4603559374809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4493674039840698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.431276798248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11951407790184021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6862277388572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6782674193382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6716339588165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6574692726135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6321437358856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.588411808013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5849462747573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5634044408798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5300706624984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4710761606693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4603559374809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4493674039840698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.431276798248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11951407790184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23042362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/2362/pdf?version=1677142404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36850960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04092026v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04092026","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04092026/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, 2023, 23 (4), pp.2362. &#x27E8;10.3390/s23042362&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9960632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9960632","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9960632/pdf/sensors-23-02362.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04778360v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04778360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, 2023, 23 (4), pp.2362. &#x27E8;10.3390/s23042362&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f43be2e580341dfb7c37da21f128167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f43be2e580341dfb7c37da21f128167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 4, p 2362 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/4/2362/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23042362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/2362/pdf?version=1677142404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4321458620.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82771173","https://openalex.org/W204991446","https://openalex.org/W1562327244","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1909320841","https://openalex.org/W1991754200","https://openalex.org/W2010625607","https://openalex.org/W2089468765","https://openalex.org/W2095439994","https://openalex.org/W2107037917","https://openalex.org/W2149224850","https://openalex.org/W2155183960","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2166944917","https://openalex.org/W2181347294","https://openalex.org/W2430148947","https://openalex.org/W2619034550","https://openalex.org/W2785961484","https://openalex.org/W2786385136","https://openalex.org/W2798434327","https://openalex.org/W2807355972","https://openalex.org/W2808707363","https://openalex.org/W2900394578","https://openalex.org/W2945653123","https://openalex.org/W2950662112","https://openalex.org/W2959170286","https://openalex.org/W2963226019","https://openalex.org/W2963305465","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W3014486277","https://openalex.org/W3023371261","https://openalex.org/W3035198795","https://openalex.org/W3036996956","https://openalex.org/W3081175302","https://openalex.org/W3096628760","https://openalex.org/W3096655658","https://openalex.org/W3102177789","https://openalex.org/W3110442907","https://openalex.org/W3112497262","https://openalex.org/W3128382041","https://openalex.org/W3170354226","https://openalex.org/W3174139848","https://openalex.org/W3176014467","https://openalex.org/W3176015769","https://openalex.org/W3200754814","https://openalex.org/W3200917001","https://openalex.org/W3207924272","https://openalex.org/W3211549568","https://openalex.org/W3214554068","https://openalex.org/W4206566734","https://openalex.org/W4223899720","https://openalex.org/W4226033014","https://openalex.org/W4226208236","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4282975884","https://openalex.org/W4287829212","https://openalex.org/W4293794837","https://openalex.org/W4294562888","https://openalex.org/W4294988638","https://openalex.org/W4298005622","https://openalex.org/W4308970678","https://openalex.org/W4312046000","https://openalex.org/W4312805760","https://openalex.org/W4312965000","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6633786245","https://openalex.org/W6639732818","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6684578138","https://openalex.org/W6718140377","https://openalex.org/W6738467200","https://openalex.org/W6743386221","https://openalex.org/W6747786891","https://openalex.org/W6749101112","https://openalex.org/W6752365561","https://openalex.org/W6756663807","https://openalex.org/W6785904320","https://openalex.org/W6790599198","https://openalex.org/W6803460075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230687177","https://openalex.org/W1968829728","https://openalex.org/W3174759195","https://openalex.org/W3167013339","https://openalex.org/W4287121366","https://openalex.org/W60493759","https://openalex.org/W4308619659","https://openalex.org/W3213069564","https://openalex.org/W4378421684","https://openalex.org/W4294203825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23,66],"recent":[1,75],"years,":[2],"the":[3,12,16,21,44,78,92,100,115,168],"rapid":[4],"development":[5],"of":[6,80,138,149],"deep":[7],"learning":[8,45,83,105],"approaches":[9,89],"has":[10],"paved":[11],"way":[13],"to":[14,30,32,42,130,153],"explore":[15],"underlying":[17,37],"factors":[18,39],"that":[19,166],"explain":[20],"data.":[22],"particular,":[24],"several":[25],"methods":[26,103],"have":[27],"been":[28],"proposed":[29],"learn":[31],"identify":[33],"and":[34,47,90,120,133,160],"disentangle":[35],"these":[36,150],"explanatory":[38],"in":[40,63,77,108],"order":[41],"improve":[43],"process":[46],"model":[48],"generalization.":[49],"However,":[50],"extracting":[51],"this":[52,67],"representation":[53,82,107],"with":[54,84],"little":[55],"or":[56],"no":[57],"supervision":[58],"remains":[59],"a":[60,71,85,146],"key":[61],"challenge":[62],"machine":[64],"learning.":[65],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,127,164],"provide":[70],"theoretical":[72],"outlook":[73],"on":[74,87,91,124],"advances":[76],"field":[79],"unsupervised":[81,110],"focus":[86],"auto-encoding-based":[88],"most":[93],"well-known":[94],"supervised":[95],"disentanglement":[96,132],"metrics.":[97,140],"We":[98,141],"cover":[99],"current":[101],"state-of-the-art":[102],"for":[104],"disentangled":[106],"an":[109,135],"manner":[111],"while":[112],"pointing":[113],"out":[114,145],"connection":[116],"between":[117],"each":[118],"method":[119],"its":[121],"added":[122],"value":[123],"disentanglement.":[125],"Further,":[126],"discuss":[128],"how":[129],"quantify":[131],"present":[134],"in-depth":[136],"analysis":[137],"associated":[139],"conclude":[142],"by":[143],"carrying":[144],"comparative":[147],"evaluation":[148],"metrics":[151],"according":[152],"three":[154,176],"criteria,":[155],"(i)":[156],"modularity,":[157],"(ii)":[158],"compactness":[159],"(iii)":[161],"informativeness.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"show":[165],"only":[167],"Mutual":[169],"Information":[170],"Gap":[171],"score":[172],"(MIG)":[173],"meets":[174],"all":[175],"criteria.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
