{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319983517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041963","title":"Autonomous Vehicles Enabled by the Integration of IoT, Edge Intelligence, 5G, and Blockchain","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicles Enabled by the Integration of IoT, Edge Intelligence, 5G, and Blockchain","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319983517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041963","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041963","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1963/pdf?version=1676036742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1963/pdf?version=1676036742","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051547822","display_name":"Anushka Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2687-4051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170979836","display_name":"Jadavpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/02af4h012","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anushka Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700056, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2687-4051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700056, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170979836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074992921","display_name":"Hwang-Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6584-830X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75430998","display_name":"National Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01npf0s58","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75430998"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hwang-Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 260007, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 260007, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75430998"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074992921"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75430998"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":99.9028,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":232,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99983384,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"1963","last_page":"1963"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6251207590103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5715029239654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4991130828857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49779200553894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4863296151161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.48366817831993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4584465026855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.45694857835769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45390287041664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.4443154036998749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4135282635688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.39653658866882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.35249146819114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34663504362106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28695207834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.20078882575035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.17202630639076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10807996988296509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6251207590103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5715029239654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4991130828857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49779200553894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4863296151161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.48366817831993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4584465026855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.45694857835769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45390287041664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4443154036998749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4135282635688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.39653658866882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.35249146819114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34663504362106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28695207834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20078882575035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.17202630639076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10807996988296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041963","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1963/pdf?version=1676036742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36850560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9963447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9963447","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9963447/pdf/sensors-23-01963.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53d82e758c8044fb9efa0ab249ab54c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53d82e758c8044fb9efa0ab249ab54c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 4, p 1963 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/4/1963/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041963","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1963/pdf?version=1676036742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5739782310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2622-E-197-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319983517.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":238,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126946642","https://openalex.org/W176561832","https://openalex.org/W179122090","https://openalex.org/W185545667","https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W1424654272","https://openalex.org/W1592568942","https://openalex.org/W1918511498","https://openalex.org/W1963871420","https://openalex.org/W1990557017","https://openalex.org/W1991264156","https://openalex.org/W1992183721","https://openalex.org/W2001027366","https://openalex.org/W2011754354","https://openalex.org/W2017193524","https://openalex.org/W2032924574","https://openalex.org/W2039759229","https://openalex.org/W2045531847","https://openalex.org/W2048882932","https://openalex.org/W2048886892","https://openalex.org/W2052190282","https://openalex.org/W2052316774","https://openalex.org/W2053274108","https://openalex.org/W2053637704","https://openalex.org/W2053924531","https://openalex.org/W2057003818","https://openalex.org/W2060340921","https://openalex.org/W2068297925","https://openalex.org/W2071737101","https://openalex.org/W2079985616","https://openalex.org/W2088482676","https://openalex.org/W2108069432","https://openalex.org/W2110006698","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2118429180","https://openalex.org/W2125873991","https://openalex.org/W2137693329","https://openalex.org/W2139712929","https://openalex.org/W2140669960","https://openalex.org/W2143864104","https://openalex.org/W2144748101","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2167215970","https://openalex.org/W2167293612","https://openalex.org/W2184244326","https://openalex.org/W2192586580","https://openalex.org/W2210177522","https://openalex.org/W2218489740","https://openalex.org/W2238394955","https://openalex.org/W2259641022","https://openalex.org/W2280321044","https://openalex.org/W2285772136","https://openalex.org/W2318393221","https://openalex.org/W2328067583","https://openalex.org/W2345428935","https://openalex.org/W2392113277","https://openalex.org/W2399088472","https://openalex.org/W2415910379","https://openalex.org/W2442974303","https://openalex.org/W2512479688","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2531658694","https://openalex.org/W2533693225","https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2546677102","https://openalex.org/W2559767995","https://openalex.org/W2561715741","https://openalex.org/W2581487827","https://openalex.org/W2585328714","https://openalex.org/W2588273428","https://openalex.org/W2588285023","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2595545394","https://openalex.org/W2598265749","https://openalex.org/W2607296803","https://openalex.org/W2612193523","https://openalex.org/W2613670645","https://openalex.org/W2625826519","https://openalex.org/W2626588362","https://openalex.org/W2735596345","https://openalex.org/W2741014559","https://openalex.org/W2741634092","https://openalex.org/W2751067791","https://openalex.org/W2752236330","https://openalex.org/W2752911450","https://openalex.org/W2753704268","https://openalex.org/W2765767541","https://openalex.org/W2769084017","https://openalex.org/W2773064589","https://openalex.org/W2780740184","https://openalex.org/W2781593575","https://openalex.org/W2783963507","https://openalex.org/W2784111185","https://openalex.org/W2785883483","https://openalex.org/W2786309777","https://openalex.org/W2791175987","https://openalex.org/W2791695580","https://openalex.org/W2799867512","https://openalex.org/W2803109435","https://openalex.org/W2803184913","https://openalex.org/W2805454539","https://openalex.org/W2809251854","https://openalex.org/W2809414288","https://openalex.org/W2811205501","https://openalex.org/W2831552117","https://openalex.org/W2882983889","https://openalex.org/W2883271860","https://openalex.org/W2883738719","https://openalex.org/W2884685495","https://openalex.org/W2884877436","https://openalex.org/W2885079409","https://openalex.org/W2885527679","https://openalex.org/W2885657717","https://openalex.org/W2888615425","https://openalex.org/W2889255206","https://openalex.org/W2891204710","https://openalex.org/W2894341887","https://openalex.org/W2894978157","https://openalex.org/W2896167869","https://openalex.org/W2896890603","https://openalex.org/W2896955978","https://openalex.org/W2899381463","https://openalex.org/W2904580149","https://openalex.org/W2908305534","https://openalex.org/W2910166370","https://openalex.org/W2913077412","https://openalex.org/W2914625278","https://openalex.org/W2914770420","https://openalex.org/W2918891759","https://openalex.org/W2920910281","https://openalex.org/W2926519916","https://openalex.org/W2950290344","https://openalex.org/W2950865323","https://openalex.org/W2953433936","https://openalex.org/W2953901595","https://openalex.org/W2955535572","https://openalex.org/W2955783928","https://openalex.org/W2955888259","https://openalex.org/W2958991960","https://openalex.org/W2962677625","https://openalex.org/W2962819974","https://openalex.org/W2962883027","https://openalex.org/W2962920357","https://openalex.org/W2963198024","https://openalex.org/W2963706687","https://openalex.org/W2963759562","https://openalex.org/W2963856865","https://openalex.org/W2965824823","https://openalex.org/W2966590113","https://openalex.org/W2967835402","https://openalex.org/W2969370929","https://openalex.org/W2969388332","https://openalex.org/W2969476102","https://openalex.org/W2971544482","https://openalex.org/W2979359324","https://openalex.org/W2980856918","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2982562810","https://openalex.org/W2989894606","https://openalex.org/W2989940015","https://openalex.org/W2995086990","https://openalex.org/W3000618513","https://openalex.org/W3003541775","https://openalex.org/W3004003650","https://openalex.org/W3005932780","https://openalex.org/W3006727493","https://openalex.org/W3009153228","https://openalex.org/W3012481664","https://openalex.org/W3013949425","https://openalex.org/W3014745174","https://openalex.org/W3021521674","https://openalex.org/W3023266124","https://openalex.org/W3033113800","https://openalex.org/W3037951940","https://openalex.org/W3038179219","https://openalex.org/W3038423780","https://openalex.org/W3042936917","https://openalex.org/W3043932162","https://openalex.org/W3047394229","https://openalex.org/W3048172719","https://openalex.org/W3072947768","https://openalex.org/W3084382518","https://openalex.org/W3087812235","https://openalex.org/W3089410001","https://openalex.org/W3090849085","https://openalex.org/W3091936287","https://openalex.org/W3100176570","https://openalex.org/W3102441862","https://openalex.org/W3105115779","https://openalex.org/W3105886168","https://openalex.org/W3116638822","https://openalex.org/W3118456990","https://openalex.org/W3121623025","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3133190857","https://openalex.org/W3135991645","https://openalex.org/W3143519386","https://openalex.org/W3146439482","https://openalex.org/W3153670168","https://openalex.org/W3156129242","https://openalex.org/W3158353424","https://openalex.org/W3159215763","https://openalex.org/W3161687493","https://openalex.org/W3163148797","https://openalex.org/W3182546273","https://openalex.org/W3185560163","https://openalex.org/W3194026771","https://openalex.org/W3197926700","https://openalex.org/W3201500456","https://openalex.org/W3202097932","https://openalex.org/W3205689293","https://openalex.org/W3212274858","https://openalex.org/W3216537071","https://openalex.org/W4210529452","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4236099117","https://openalex.org/W4236606899","https://openalex.org/W4240187149","https://openalex.org/W4243928383","https://openalex.org/W4245199738","https://openalex.org/W4252642235","https://openalex.org/W4253771102","https://openalex.org/W4281392066","https://openalex.org/W4285277109","https://openalex.org/W4286559335","https://openalex.org/W4294252806","https://openalex.org/W4317642603","https://openalex.org/W6607182985","https://openalex.org/W6607214379","https://openalex.org/W6607604674","https://openalex.org/W6619170508","https://openalex.org/W6662864788","https://openalex.org/W6677659784","https://openalex.org/W6733057846","https://openalex.org/W6735224071","https://openalex.org/W6754416507","https://openalex.org/W6781583929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40],"wave":[1],"of":[2,14,34,64,97,114,127,138,152,170,191],"modernization":[3],"around":[4],"us":[5],"has":[6,44],"put":[7],"the":[8,12,19,35,52,62,72,95,107,112,128,131,134,139,147,159,168,173,189,206,210],"automotive":[9],"industry":[10],"on":[11,67,133,177],"brink":[13],"a":[15,124,196,202],"paradigm":[16],"shift.":[17],"Leveraging":[18],"ever-evolving":[20],"technologies,":[21],"vehicles":[22],"are":[23],"steadily":[24],"transitioning":[25],"towards":[26],"automated":[27],"driving":[28],"to":[29,51,71,166],"constitute":[30],"an":[31,115],"integral":[32],"part":[33],"intelligent":[36],"transportation":[37,119],"system":[38],"(ITS).":[39],"term":[41],"autonomous":[42],"vehicle":[43],"become":[45],"ubiquitous":[46],"in":[47,86,130,195,209],"our":[48],"lives,":[49],"owing":[50],"extensive":[53],"research":[54,179],"and":[55,79,104,117,136,181],"development":[56],"that":[57,183],"frequently":[58],"make":[59],"headlines.":[60],"Nonetheless,":[61],"flourishing":[63],"AVs":[65],"hinges":[66],"many":[68],"factors":[69],"due":[70],"extremely":[73],"stringent":[74],"demands":[75],"for":[76,205],"safety,":[77],"security,":[78],"reliability.":[80],"Cutting-edge":[81],"technologies":[82,92,141,194],"play":[83],"critical":[84],"roles":[85],"tackling":[87],"complicated":[88],"issues.":[89],"Assimilating":[90],"trailblazing":[91],"such":[93],"as":[94,201],"Internet":[96],"Things":[98],"(IoT),":[99],"edge":[100],"intelligence":[101],"(EI),":[102],"5G,":[103],"Blockchain":[105],"into":[106,142,158],"AV":[108,143,214],"architecture":[109],"will":[110,184,199],"unlock":[111],"potential":[113],"efficient":[116],"sustainable":[118],"system.":[120],"This":[121],"paper":[122,174],"provides":[123],"comprehensive":[125],"review":[126],"state-of-the-art":[129],"literature":[132],"impact":[135],"implementation":[137],"aforementioned":[140],"architectures,":[144],"along":[145],"with":[146],"challenges":[148],"faced":[149],"by":[150],"each":[151],"them.":[153],"We":[154],"also":[155],"provide":[156],"insights":[157],"technological":[160],"offshoots":[161],"concerning":[162],"their":[163],"seamless":[164],"integration":[165,190],"fulfill":[167],"requirements":[169],"AVs.":[171],"Finally,":[172],"sheds":[175],"light":[176],"future":[178],"directions":[180],"opportunities":[182],"spur":[185],"further":[186],"developments.":[187],"Exploring":[188],"key":[192],"enabling":[193],"single":[197],"work":[198],"serve":[200],"valuable":[203],"reference":[204],"community":[207],"interested":[208],"relevant":[211],"issues":[212],"surrounding":[213],"research.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}