{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319764659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041918","title":"Sievert or Gray: Dose Quantities and Protection Levels in Emergency Exposure","display_name":"Sievert or Gray: Dose Quantities and Protection Levels in Emergency Exposure","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319764659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041918","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1918/pdf?version=1676181514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1918/pdf?version=1676181514","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077877508","display_name":"C. Ferrari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2917-9759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Ferrari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008194367","display_name":"Guglielmo Manenti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7659-5392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guglielmo Manenti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7659-5392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070926540","display_name":"Andrea Malizia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-1716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Malizia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-1716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077877508"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.4083,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79621081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"1918","last_page":"1918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11359","display_name":"Effects of Radiation Exposure","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-protection","display_name":"Radiation protection","score":0.5975828766822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionizing-radiation","display_name":"Ionizing radiation","score":0.5726291537284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.5638206005096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray","display_name":"Gray (unit)","score":0.4888014495372772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicology","display_name":"Toxicology","score":0.42938172817230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.42168182134628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4183337092399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-rate","display_name":"Dose rate","score":0.4170931875705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39056164026260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.37189286947250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.28138113021850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.2795274555683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irradiation","display_name":"Irradiation","score":0.2361418902873993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22446590662002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18355417251586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16095629334449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.15205460786819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.12371963262557983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777620619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574099","display_name":"Radiation protection","level":2,"score":0.5975828766822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18231593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186161","display_name":"Ionizing radiation","level":3,"score":0.5726291537284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.5638206005096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166275286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190095","display_name":"Gray (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4888014495372772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.42938172817230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.42168182134628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4183337092399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017588741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042357","display_name":"Dose rate","level":2,"score":0.4170931875705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39056164026260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.37189286947250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.28138113021850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.2795274555683136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111337013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737837","display_name":"Irradiation","level":2,"score":0.2361418902873993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22446590662002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18355417251586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16095629334449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15205460786819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.12371963262557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011839","descriptor_name":"Radiation, Ionizing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011839","descriptor_name":"Radiation, Ionizing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011839","descriptor_name":"Radiation, Ionizing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1918/pdf?version=1676181514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36850517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:art.torvergata.it:2108/323833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2108/323833","pdf_url":"https://art.torvergata.it/bitstream/2108/323833/1/sensors-23-01918-v2%20%281%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400993","display_name":"Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","host_organization_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9959072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9959072","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9959072/pdf/sensors-23-01918.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:23600c78286846b68ad2c4db13fae587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/23600c78286846b68ad2c4db13fae587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 4, p 1918 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/4/1918/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041918","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1918/pdf?version=1676181514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319764659.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094153418","https://openalex.org/W2336881542","https://openalex.org/W2726734275","https://openalex.org/W2939122939","https://openalex.org/W3091572031","https://openalex.org/W3118985080","https://openalex.org/W3124844808","https://openalex.org/W3135835705","https://openalex.org/W3156236898","https://openalex.org/W3176054246","https://openalex.org/W3182067631","https://openalex.org/W3186002015","https://openalex.org/W4200344683","https://openalex.org/W4232143576","https://openalex.org/W4239173708","https://openalex.org/W6799146397","https://openalex.org/W6979001440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363236687","https://openalex.org/W4299120108","https://openalex.org/W946196234","https://openalex.org/W4312776210","https://openalex.org/W4297709460","https://openalex.org/W2924285552","https://openalex.org/W4298196012","https://openalex.org/W1992892413","https://openalex.org/W3195463894","https://openalex.org/W1504543489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mitigation":[0],"or":[1],"even":[2],"elimination":[3],"of":[4,15,22,103,111],"adverse":[5],"effects":[6,33],"caused":[7],"by":[8,34],"ionizing":[9],"radiation":[10,17,23,77],"is":[11,27,38,45,59],"the":[12,16,39,48,60,86,95,104],"main":[13],"scope":[14],"protection":[18],"discipline.":[19],"The":[20,36,79],"interaction":[21],"with":[24,31,47],"living":[25],"matter":[26],"quantified":[28],"and":[29,43,50,100,113],"correlated":[30],"biological":[32],"dose.":[35],"Sievert":[37,91],"most":[40],"well-known":[41],"quantity,":[42],"it":[44],"used":[46],"equivalent":[49],"effective":[51],"dose":[52,118],"to":[53,88,92],"minimize":[54],"stochastic":[55],"effects.":[56],"However,":[57],"Gray":[58],"reference":[61,115],"quantity":[62],"for":[63,98],"sizing":[64],"tissue":[65],"reactions":[66],"that":[67],"could":[68],"occur":[69],"under":[70],"high-exposure":[71],"conditions":[72],"such":[73,108],"as":[74],"in":[75,82,120],"a":[76,109],"emergency.":[78],"topics":[80],"addressed":[81],"this":[83],"review":[84],"are":[85],"choice":[87],"move":[89],"from":[90],"Gray,":[93],"how":[94],"operational":[96],"quantities":[97],"environmental":[99],"individual":[101],"monitoring":[102],"detectors":[105],"should":[106],"consider":[107],"change":[110],"units,":[112],"why":[114],"levels":[116,119],"substitute":[117],"emergency":[121],"exposure.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
