{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319601552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041857","title":"The Signal Characteristics of Oil and Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection Based on Magneto-Mechanical Effects","display_name":"The Signal Characteristics of Oil and Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection Based on Magneto-Mechanical Effects","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319601552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041857","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041857","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1857/pdf?version=1676625263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1857/pdf?version=1676625263","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334255","display_name":"Bin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-1589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033140736","display_name":"Qian Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077833799","display_name":"Zihan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-0423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064872102","display_name":"Zheng Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-6214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-6214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101797412","display_name":"Lijian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085302234","display_name":"Hao Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1616-3299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033140736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.8426,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83033746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"1857","last_page":"1857"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflection-point","display_name":"Inflection point","score":0.7048577666282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5970396995544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-leakage","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","score":0.5800877213478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetostriction","display_name":"Magnetostriction","score":0.5371627807617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.48384395241737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.4367653727531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.43356966972351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.4279189109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.4235735237598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.4208196997642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.37867942452430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","score":0.34958523511886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.3346964716911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23494002223014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23043113946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.20075133442878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13792729377746582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74545648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212794","display_name":"Inflection point","level":2,"score":0.7048577666282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5970396995544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390394","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","level":3,"score":0.5800877213478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72852350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840970","display_name":"Magnetostriction","level":3,"score":0.5371627807617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.48384395241737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.4367653727531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43356966972351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4279189109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.4235735237598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4208196997642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.37867942452430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.34958523511886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3346964716911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23494002223014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23043113946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20075133442878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13792729377746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041857","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1857/pdf?version=1676625263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36850454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9958723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9958723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:adac033c6ecc48e0a0c6b724ed3a375c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/adac033c6ecc48e0a0c6b724ed3a375c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 4, p 1857 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/4/1857/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041857","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1857/pdf?version=1676625263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2196217583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101356","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319601552.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968011614","https://openalex.org/W2017945322","https://openalex.org/W2170487582","https://openalex.org/W2273975647","https://openalex.org/W2314191082","https://openalex.org/W2380093223","https://openalex.org/W2563622792","https://openalex.org/W2579326961","https://openalex.org/W2613052787","https://openalex.org/W2752206072","https://openalex.org/W2796585939","https://openalex.org/W2888565563","https://openalex.org/W2902628507","https://openalex.org/W2918574956","https://openalex.org/W2977705577","https://openalex.org/W2990226028","https://openalex.org/W3004143458","https://openalex.org/W3008395923","https://openalex.org/W3111233022","https://openalex.org/W3111995965","https://openalex.org/W3127351938","https://openalex.org/W3131335379","https://openalex.org/W3139253742","https://openalex.org/W3162180525","https://openalex.org/W3209246374","https://openalex.org/W4220713787","https://openalex.org/W4393374089","https://openalex.org/W6790904271","https://openalex.org/W6863374829","https://openalex.org/W7039640257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375170602","https://openalex.org/W2789926414","https://openalex.org/W2091864050","https://openalex.org/W1923068563","https://openalex.org/W1999727419","https://openalex.org/W3203527106","https://openalex.org/W2104071141","https://openalex.org/W2350501127","https://openalex.org/W4284675145","https://openalex.org/W2372021191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,129],"solve":[3],"the":[4,7,13,50,57,71,78,81,86,98,104,114,117,132,135,138,142,159,165,170,175,178,184,188,192,206,212,223],"problem":[5],"of":[6,9,18,39,49,60,80,97,103,116,141,158,177,183,191,205,211],"quantification":[8],"detection":[10],"signals":[11,62,106,144,186,214],"in":[12,134,187,222],"magnetic":[14,27,34,40,72,172,194],"flux":[15],"leakage":[16],"(MFL)":[17],"defective":[19],"in-service":[20],"oil":[21],"and":[22,53,83,88,100,109,125,147,150,180,200,208,219],"gas":[23],"pipelines,":[24],"a":[25,121],"non-uniform":[26],"charge":[28,73,173,195],"model":[29,196],"was":[30,75,111,152,162],"established":[31],"based":[32],"on":[33,56],"effects.":[35],"The":[36,47,66,95,156,203],"distribution":[37],"patterns":[38],"charges":[41],"under":[42],"different":[43],"stresses":[44],"were":[45,63,107,126,215],"analyzed.":[46],"influences":[48],"elastic":[51,189],"load":[52],"plastic":[54,136,224],"deformation":[55],"characteristic":[58,139],"values":[59,140],"MFL":[61,105,143,185,213],"quantitatively":[64],"assessed.":[65],"experimental":[67],"results":[68],"showed":[69],"that":[70,113],"density":[74],"large":[76],"at":[77,85],"edges":[79],"defect":[82],"small":[84],"center,":[87],"approximately":[89],"decreased":[90,146],"linearly":[91],"with":[92,164,169],"increasing":[93],"stress.":[94,130],"eigenvalues":[96,115],"axial":[99,179,207],"radial":[101,118,181,209],"components":[102,182,210],"compared,":[108],"it":[110],"found":[112],"component":[119],"exhibited":[120],"larger":[122],"decline":[123],"rate":[124],"more":[127],"sensitive":[128],"With":[131],"increase":[133],"deformation,":[137],"initially":[145],"then":[148],"increased,":[149],"there":[151],"an":[153],"inflection":[154,160],"point.":[155],"location":[157],"point":[161],"associated":[163],"magnetostriction":[166],"coefficient.":[167],"Compared":[168],"uniform":[171],"model,":[174],"accuracy":[176,204],"stage":[190],"improved":[193],"rose":[197],"by":[198,217],"17%":[199],"16%,":[201],"respectively.":[202],"elevated":[216],"9.15%":[218],"9%,":[220],"respectively,":[221],"stage.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
