{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319320239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041778","title":"Design and Experiments of a Real-Time Bale Density Monitoring System Based on Dynamic Weighing","display_name":"Design and Experiments of a Real-Time Bale Density Monitoring System Based on Dynamic Weighing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319320239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041778","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041778","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1778/pdf?version=1675576963","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1778/pdf?version=1675576963","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005091220","display_name":"Jianjun Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3335-2171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 222013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 222013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716615","display_name":"Zhijian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-7340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhijian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 222013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 222013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007439829","display_name":"Chao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-2150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 222013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 222013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046719860","display_name":"Maile Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maile Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 222013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 222013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771916","display_name":"Lu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-671X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-671X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100716615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.9985,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90419928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"1778","last_page":"1778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10892","display_name":"Drilling and Well Engineering","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10892","display_name":"Drilling and Well Engineering","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.7020577192306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cylinder","display_name":"Cylinder","score":0.5176621079444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4875042140483856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.47957175970077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-measurement","display_name":"System of measurement","score":0.4181895852088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.35303428769111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.33031192421913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.23687395453453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20367968082427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10480904579162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09789162874221802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.7020577192306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203311528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132","display_name":"Cylinder","level":2,"score":0.5176621079444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4875042140483856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.47957175970077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.4181895852088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.35303428769111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.33031192421913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23687395453453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20367968082427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10480904579162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09789162874221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041778","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1778/pdf?version=1675576963","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36850376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9965362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9965362","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9965362/pdf/sensors-23-01778.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb53478e22904271afe30c7084e5f324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb53478e22904271afe30c7084e5f324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 4, p 1778 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/4/1778/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23041778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041778","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1778/pdf?version=1675576963","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6818963570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200897","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G75851756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52005221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319320239.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033856702","https://openalex.org/W2073804549","https://openalex.org/W2084534845","https://openalex.org/W2186984295","https://openalex.org/W2463673378","https://openalex.org/W2617385456","https://openalex.org/W2761808044","https://openalex.org/W2785638950","https://openalex.org/W2810989697","https://openalex.org/W2917111611","https://openalex.org/W2975314028","https://openalex.org/W2996187978","https://openalex.org/W2998752039","https://openalex.org/W3130480453","https://openalex.org/W3143213834","https://openalex.org/W4200626958","https://openalex.org/W4251987962","https://openalex.org/W4312737473","https://openalex.org/W6800197959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2895939755","https://openalex.org/W2049164056","https://openalex.org/W2007762447","https://openalex.org/W2026891849","https://openalex.org/W2009296323","https://openalex.org/W2054311754","https://openalex.org/W4250348862","https://openalex.org/W784118787","https://openalex.org/W2073619774","https://openalex.org/W3214243340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bale":[0],"density":[1,23,37,86],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,13,31,35,52,92,102,110,130,142,149,177,191,195,227],"the":[5,11,29,47,53,58,62,65,68,84,89,93,103,108,111,124,127,131,135,139,143,147,150,154,160,170,174,178,183,188,192,196,201,207,217,224,231],"main":[6],"performance":[7],"indicators":[8],"to":[9,120],"measure":[10],"quality":[12],"baler":[14,21],"operation.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17],"study,":[18],"a":[19,42,79],"real-time":[20,33,80],"bale":[22,36,54,66,85,228],"monitoring":[24,81,101,155],"system":[25,82,117,156,218],"was":[26,55,105,114,118,157,186,204,219],"designed":[27],"for":[28,46,83],"problem":[30],"difficult":[32],"measurement":[34,98,208],"on":[38,74,88],"round":[39,151],"balers.":[40],"Firstly,":[41],"weighing":[43,112,180,197,229],"calculation":[44],"model":[45,113,181,198],"rolling":[48],"and":[49,57,67,99,107,122,134,159,182,206,222],"sliding":[50],"stage":[51],"established,":[56],"dynamic":[59,161],"characteristics":[60],"during":[61,146],"contact":[63,90],"between":[64,173],"inclined":[69,94],"surface":[70],"were":[71,164],"analyzed":[72],"based":[73,87],"ADAMS":[75],"dynamics":[76],"simulation.":[77],"Then,":[78],"pressure":[91,137],"surface,":[95],"attitude":[96],"angle":[97,129],"hydraulic":[100],"cylinder":[104,145],"constructed,":[106],"accuracy":[109,209],"confirmed.":[115],"The":[116,166,213],"used":[119],"observe":[121],"analyze":[123],"changes":[125],"in":[126,138,230],"pitch":[128],"carrier":[132],"table":[133],"oil":[136],"rod":[140],"chamber":[141],"backpack":[144],"operation":[148],"baler.":[152],"Finally,":[153],"calibrated":[158],"calibration":[162,202],"equations":[163,203],"obtained.":[165],"results":[167,214],"show":[168,215],"that":[169,216],"maximum":[171,189],"error":[172,190],"calculated":[175,193],"value":[176,194],"original":[179],"actual":[184],"weight":[185],"3.63%,":[187],"corrected":[199],"by":[200],"3.40%":[205],"could":[210],"be":[211],"satisfied.":[212],"highly":[220],"accurate":[221],"met":[223],"practical":[225],"needs":[226],"field.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
