{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319316439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031723","title":"Map Space Modeling Method Reflecting Safety Margin in Coastal Water Based on Electronic Chart for Path Planning","display_name":"Map Space Modeling Method Reflecting Safety Margin in Coastal Water Based on Electronic Chart for Path Planning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319316439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031723","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031723","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1723/pdf?version=1675676868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1723/pdf?version=1675676868","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018712999","display_name":"Da-Un Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-2332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185573737","display_name":"Mokpo National Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/023jsyh61","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185573737"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da-un Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Maritime Transportation System, Mokpo National Maritime University, 91, Haeyangdaehak-ro, Mokpo-si 58628, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-2332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Maritime Transportation System, Mokpo National Maritime University, 91, Haeyangdaehak-ro, Mokpo-si 58628, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185573737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021630413","display_name":"Joo-Sung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-9205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185573737","display_name":"Mokpo National Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/023jsyh61","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185573737"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joo-sung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Navigation Science, Mokpo National Maritime University, 91, Haeyangdaehak-ro, Mokpo-si 58628, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-9205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Navigation Science, Mokpo National Maritime University, 91, Haeyangdaehak-ro, Mokpo-si 58628, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185573737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021630413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185573737"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7516,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68080357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1723","last_page":"1723"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.7996361255645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.6396942734718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.6350283622741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6028605699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-hull","display_name":"Convex hull","score":0.6022274494171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.596592903137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chart","display_name":"Chart","score":0.5959553718566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nautical-chart","display_name":"Nautical chart","score":0.5816129446029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5699272155761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5642825365066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5466117262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hull","display_name":"Hull","score":0.47098255157470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44158363342285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35814937949180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.2920803725719452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.25819098949432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23902222514152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2190965712070465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2034987509250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12721624970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09674304723739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08887171745300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.08200666308403015}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.7996361255645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.6396942734718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6350283622741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6028605699539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206194317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138624","display_name":"Convex hull","level":3,"score":0.6022274494171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.596592903137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190812933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28923","display_name":"Chart","level":2,"score":0.5959553718566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144462659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728502","display_name":"Nautical chart","level":3,"score":0.5816129446029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5699272155761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5642825365066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5466117262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37423430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6750281","display_name":"Hull","level":2,"score":0.47098255157470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44158363342285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35814937949180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.2920803725719452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.25819098949432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23902222514152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2190965712070465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2034987509250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12721624970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09674304723739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08887171745300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.08200666308403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031723","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1723/pdf?version=1675676868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36772759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9921685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9921685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf29fbb9aa8a457f899a7f7344a75068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf29fbb9aa8a457f899a7f7344a75068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 1723 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/3/1723/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031723","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1723/pdf?version=1675676868","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2183634982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210591","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334872","funder_display_name":"Korea Coast Guard"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3375684322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1345356152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4786893330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KIMST-20210591","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334872","funder_display_name":"Korea Coast Guard"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327222","display_name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology promotion","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334872","display_name":"Korea Coast Guard","ror":"https://ror.org/0249tng68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319316439.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163519181","https://openalex.org/W1926778556","https://openalex.org/W2018592767","https://openalex.org/W2065917308","https://openalex.org/W2068872505","https://openalex.org/W2070573678","https://openalex.org/W2128990851","https://openalex.org/W2150500908","https://openalex.org/W2538588753","https://openalex.org/W2613546291","https://openalex.org/W2802465441","https://openalex.org/W2940928525","https://openalex.org/W2963220078","https://openalex.org/W2993079927","https://openalex.org/W2996625553","https://openalex.org/W3212010864","https://openalex.org/W4225297181","https://openalex.org/W4233452110","https://openalex.org/W4236470048","https://openalex.org/W4242811155","https://openalex.org/W6771864830","https://openalex.org/W6810350721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126807813","https://openalex.org/W2051516969","https://openalex.org/W2045615376","https://openalex.org/W2242126349","https://openalex.org/W2166492906","https://openalex.org/W4293799789","https://openalex.org/W1605248340","https://openalex.org/W2382934686","https://openalex.org/W2517104666","https://openalex.org/W2110946546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Map":[0],"space":[1,35,41,50,77,92],"composition":[2],"is":[3,21,159],"the":[4,26,31,47,56,62,68,75,81,85,91,95,98,102,108,116,125,137,146,155],"first":[5],"step":[6],"in":[7,37,120],"ship":[8,44,53],"route":[9,96],"planning.":[10,169],"In":[11,131],"this":[12],"study,":[13],"a":[14,52,121],"map":[15,122,156],"modeling":[16,157],"method":[17,24,118,158],"for":[18,84],"path":[19,168],"planning":[20],"proposed.":[22],"This":[23],"incorporates":[25],"safety":[27],"margin":[28,76],"based":[29],"on":[30,67],"theory":[32],"of":[33,51,101,115],"geographic":[34],"existing":[36],"coastal":[38],"waters,":[39],"maneuvering":[40],"according":[42],"to":[43,89,129,145,167],"characteristics,":[45],"and":[46,139,161],"psychological":[48],"buffer":[49],"navigator.":[54],"First,":[55],"obstacle":[57,86,103],"area":[58,104,126],"was":[59,78,105,134],"segmented":[60],"using":[61],"binary":[63],"method-a":[64],"segmentation":[65],"method-based":[66],"international":[69],"standard":[70],"electronic":[71],"chart":[72],"image.":[73],"Next,":[74],"incorporated":[79],"through":[80,107],"morphological":[82],"algorithm":[83],"area.":[87],"Finally,":[88],"minimize":[90],"lost":[93,127],"during":[94],"search,":[97],"boundary":[99],"simplification":[100],"performed":[106],"concave":[109],"hull":[110,149],"method.":[111,150],"The":[112,151],"experimental":[113],"results":[114],"proposed":[117],"resulted":[119],"that":[123,136,154,162],"minimized":[124],"due":[128],"obstacles.":[130],"addition,":[132],"it":[133,163],"found":[135],"distance":[138],"path-finding":[140],"time":[141],"were":[142],"reduced":[143],"compared":[144],"conventional":[147],"convex":[148],"study":[152],"shows":[153],"feasible,":[160],"can":[164],"be":[165],"applied":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}