{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318833107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031596","title":"Face Mask Identification Using Spatial and Frequency Features in Depth Image from Time-of-Flight Camera","display_name":"Face Mask Identification Using Spatial and Frequency Features in Depth Image from Time-of-Flight Camera","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318833107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031596","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031596","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1596/pdf?version=1675248235","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1596/pdf?version=1675248235","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101525447","display_name":"Xiaoyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3334-5111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037758088","display_name":"Tianxu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianxu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for International Joint Research of Electronic Materials and Systems, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for International Joint Research of Electronic Materials and Systems, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031407925","display_name":"Dong An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7329-8704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101787357","display_name":"Lei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-8239"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shphotonics, LLC, Tianjin 300450, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shphotonics, LLC, Tianjin 300450, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055119440","display_name":"Qiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-0268"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Angle AI (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Angle AI (Tianjin) Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042805627","display_name":"Zhongqi Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-2254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79516672","display_name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8rc503","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongqi Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2325-2254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624671","display_name":"Yang Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-0120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100624671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6087,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70198456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1596","last_page":"1596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.794892430305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7394330501556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7136834263801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6136260032653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.566626787185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.531602144241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5179516077041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.503894031047821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.42199304699897766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.794892430305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7394330501556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7136834263801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6136260032653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.566626787185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.531602144241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5179516077041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.503894031047821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.42199304699897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005556","descriptor_name":"Form Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005556","descriptor_name":"Form Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005556","descriptor_name":"Form Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031596","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1596/pdf?version=1675248235","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36772636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9918995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9918995","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9918995/pdf/sensors-23-01596.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2815905deae1465e9ed765d42d3121fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2815905deae1465e9ed765d42d3121fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 1596 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/3/1596/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031596","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1596/pdf?version=1675248235","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1245999346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1803700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318833107.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037061351","https://openalex.org/W2056339039","https://openalex.org/W2412454633","https://openalex.org/W2465111177","https://openalex.org/W2486979733","https://openalex.org/W2608971679","https://openalex.org/W2741786784","https://openalex.org/W2791731233","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2885976210","https://openalex.org/W2905858552","https://openalex.org/W2910345227","https://openalex.org/W3091330735","https://openalex.org/W3107403555","https://openalex.org/W3110719259","https://openalex.org/W3114687924","https://openalex.org/W3132379841","https://openalex.org/W3142882742","https://openalex.org/W3155757473","https://openalex.org/W3160747020","https://openalex.org/W3162760148","https://openalex.org/W3177205550","https://openalex.org/W3186342651","https://openalex.org/W3188271718","https://openalex.org/W3206213976","https://openalex.org/W3214689924","https://openalex.org/W3216544510","https://openalex.org/W4200485991","https://openalex.org/W4295630656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898732673","https://openalex.org/W2410053581","https://openalex.org/W2383658677","https://openalex.org/W3123203398","https://openalex.org/W1972473893","https://openalex.org/W2466435674","https://openalex.org/W2116423617","https://openalex.org/W2347824352","https://openalex.org/W2112875849","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"masks":[1,18,163],"can":[2,55,121,192,203],"effectively":[3],"prevent":[4],"the":[5,14,57,63,80,86,103,110,117,123,126,131,135,148,157,172,184,189,196],"spread":[6],"of":[7,17,33,59,65,109,125,147,162,188],"viruses.":[8],"It":[9],"is":[10,45,77,113,138,150],"necessary":[11],"to":[12,49,101,129],"determine":[13],"wearing":[15,145],"condition":[16,146],"in":[19,41],"various":[20],"locations,":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23],"traffic":[24],"stations,":[25],"hospitals,":[26],"and":[27,38,62,82,96,174,180],"other":[28],"places":[29],"with":[30,92],"a":[31,69,93,181],"risk":[32,64],"infection.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"achieving":[36],"fast":[37],"accurate":[39],"identification":[40],"different":[42],"application":[43],"scenarios":[44],"an":[46],"urgent":[47],"problem":[48],"be":[50],"solved.":[51],"Contactless":[52],"mask":[53,74,149,202],"recognition":[54,132],"avoid":[56],"waste":[58],"human":[60],"resources":[61],"exposure.":[66],"We":[67],"propose":[68],"novel":[70],"method":[71],"for":[72,199],"face":[73],"recognition,":[75],"which":[76,120],"demonstrated":[78],"using":[79],"spatial":[81,173],"frequency":[83,175],"features":[84,154,169],"from":[85,156,171],"3D":[87],"information.":[88],"A":[89],"ToF":[90],"camera":[91],"simple":[94],"system":[95],"robust":[97],"data":[98,128],"are":[99,164],"used":[100],"capture":[102],"depth":[104,111,127],"images.":[105],"The":[106,144,160],"facial":[107,158],"contour":[108],"image":[112],"extracted":[114,155,170],"accurately":[115],"by":[116,153,167],"designed":[118],"method,":[119,183],"reduce":[122],"dimension":[124],"improve":[130],"speed.":[133],"Additionally,":[134],"classification":[136],"process":[137],"further":[139],"divided":[140],"into":[141],"two":[142],"parts.":[143],"first":[151],"identified":[152],"contour.":[159],"types":[161],"then":[165],"classified":[166],"new":[168],"curves.":[176],"With":[177],"appropriate":[178],"thresholds":[179],"voting":[182],"total":[185],"recall":[186,197],"accuracy":[187,198],"proposed":[190],"algorithm":[191],"achieve":[193],"96.21%.":[194],"Especially,":[195],"images":[200],"without":[201],"reach":[204],"99.21%.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}