{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318824172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031572","title":"Pipeline Leakage Detection Based on Secondary Phase Transform Cross-Correlation","display_name":"Pipeline Leakage Detection Based on Secondary Phase Transform Cross-Correlation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318824172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031572","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1572/pdf?version=1675238427","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1572/pdf?version=1675238427","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034135397","display_name":"Hetao Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hetao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625174","display_name":"Yan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7253-5309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100776604","display_name":"Haibin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-1909"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064223990","display_name":"Siyuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8179-4057"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100678182","display_name":"Minghui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-2401"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109409920","display_name":"Baomin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8289-1726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101009","display_name":"Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00y3jnz30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baomin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100625174"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.8638,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82895312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1572","last_page":"1572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-correlation","display_name":"Cross-correlation","score":0.7733678221702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.7392728328704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.524660587310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4592331647872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-correlation","display_name":"Phase correlation","score":0.4467867612838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.4459298253059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.44561928510665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4423219561576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40464505553245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3506304621696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24209800362586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16583821177482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.145101398229599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.128086656332016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11200350522994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-time-fourier-transform","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","score":0.10413596034049988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163018871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302587","display_name":"Cross-correlation","level":2,"score":0.7733678221702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7392728328704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.524660587310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4592331647872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93509452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180943","display_name":"Phase correlation","level":5,"score":0.4467867612838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.4459298253059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.44561928510665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4423219561576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40464505553245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3506304621696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24209800362586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16583821177482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.145101398229599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.128086656332016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11200350522994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166386157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477735","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.10413596034049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1572/pdf?version=1675238427","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36772612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9919759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9919759","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9919759/pdf/sensors-23-01572.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dbec747805be4caebe2412af261f2540","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dbec747805be4caebe2412af261f2540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 1572 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/3/1572/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031572","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1572/pdf?version=1675238427","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318824172.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988779432","https://openalex.org/W1993260141","https://openalex.org/W2048523204","https://openalex.org/W2178051856","https://openalex.org/W2198526165","https://openalex.org/W2556302386","https://openalex.org/W2561115530","https://openalex.org/W2800070031","https://openalex.org/W2888812645","https://openalex.org/W2889547837","https://openalex.org/W2892641787","https://openalex.org/W2910523598","https://openalex.org/W2913408913","https://openalex.org/W3001922703","https://openalex.org/W3003596746","https://openalex.org/W3118518055","https://openalex.org/W3160259897","https://openalex.org/W3165575792","https://openalex.org/W3182155920","https://openalex.org/W3183319939","https://openalex.org/W3198407946","https://openalex.org/W3214912370","https://openalex.org/W4212913476","https://openalex.org/W4220885169","https://openalex.org/W4226297885","https://openalex.org/W4292969516","https://openalex.org/W6803582843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372021191","https://openalex.org/W2016138689","https://openalex.org/W2046736313","https://openalex.org/W2370777685","https://openalex.org/W333375660","https://openalex.org/W2160283799","https://openalex.org/W2072121496","https://openalex.org/W2544457707","https://openalex.org/W2386537494","https://openalex.org/W2012654940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leaks":[0],"from":[1],"pipes":[2],"and":[3,67,138,152],"valves":[4],"are":[5,58,68],"a":[6,17,29],"reputational":[7],"issue":[8],"in":[9,95,165],"industry.":[10],"Maintenance":[11],"of":[12,40,132,145],"pipeline":[13,48],"integrity":[14],"is":[15,79,88,123],"becoming":[16],"growing":[18],"challenge":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,36,75,156],"the":[22,38,41,62,72,96,100,105,107,111,116,129,133,142,146,157],"serious":[23],"socioeconomic":[24],"consequences.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"presents":[28],"secondary":[30,112],"phase":[31],"transform":[32],"(PHAT)":[33],"cross-correlation":[34,46,73,97,113,134,159],"method":[35,109,122,148],"improve":[37],"performance":[39,144],"acoustic":[42],"methods":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45],"for":[47,126,149],"leakage":[49,57,78,82],"detection.":[50],"Acoustic":[51],"emission":[52],"signals":[53],"generated":[54],"by":[55,61,92],"pipe":[56],"first":[59],"captured":[60],"sensors":[63],"at":[64],"different":[65],"locations,":[66],"subsequently":[69],"analyzed":[70],"using":[71],"curve":[74,98],"determine":[76],"whether":[77],"occurring.":[80],"When":[81],"occurs,":[83],"time":[84],"delay":[85],"estimation":[86],"(TDE)":[87],"further":[89],"carried":[90],"out":[91],"peak":[93,130],"search":[94],"between":[99],"two":[101],"sensor":[102],"signals.":[103],"In":[104],"analysis,":[106],"proposed":[108,147],"calculates":[110],"function":[114],"before":[115],"PHAT":[117],"operation.":[118],"A":[119],"sinc":[120],"interpolation":[121],"then":[124],"introduced":[125],"automatic":[127],"searching":[128],"value":[131],"curve.":[135],"Numerical":[136],"simulations":[137],"experimental":[139],"results":[140],"confirm":[141],"improved":[143],"noise":[150],"suppression":[151],"accurate":[153],"TDE":[154],"compared":[155],"basic":[158],"method,":[160],"which":[161],"may":[162],"be":[163],"beneficial":[164],"engineering":[166],"applications.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
