{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318464351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031508","title":"Indoor Positioning Design for Mobile Phones via Integrating a Single Microphone Sensor and an H2 Estimator","display_name":"Indoor Positioning Design for Mobile Phones via Integrating a Single Microphone Sensor and an H2 Estimator","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318464351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031508","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031508","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1508/pdf?version=1675319585","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1508/pdf?version=1675319585","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013731572","display_name":"Yung-Hsiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-8274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16566446","display_name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y6ccj36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Hsiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan","Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-8274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013731572","display_name":"Yung-Hsiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-8274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16566446","display_name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y6ccj36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189290911","display_name":"National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034ezwg26","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189290911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Hsiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan","Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-8274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189290911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040872620","display_name":"Pei-Yu Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189290911","display_name":"National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034ezwg26","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189290911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Yu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan","Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189290911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yung-Yue Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16566446","display_name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y6ccj36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Yue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan","Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yung-Yue Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16566446","display_name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y6ccj36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Yue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan","Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013731572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446","https://openalex.org/I189290911","https://openalex.org/I91807558"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2462,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49665392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1508","last_page":"1508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.8314297199249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.7092170119285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7038866877555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.6408646106719971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6169853806495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverberation","display_name":"Reverberation","score":0.577060878276825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5283005237579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3970777988433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound-pressure","display_name":"Sound pressure","score":0.371776819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3584710657596588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16999107599258423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.8314297199249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.7092170119285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7038866877555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.6408646106719971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6169853806495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95851461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468809","display_name":"Reverberation","level":2,"score":0.577060878276825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5283005237579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3970777988433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.371776819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3584710657596588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16999107599258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031508","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1508/pdf?version=1675319585","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36772547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9920566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9920566","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9920566/pdf/sensors-23-01508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d02e1e5d56864f2aa4e5f3dd8f3681e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d02e1e5d56864f2aa4e5f3dd8f3681e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 1508 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/3/1508/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 3; Pages: 1508","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031508","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1508/pdf?version=1675319585","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318464351.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10190087","https://openalex.org/W1889684668","https://openalex.org/W1989110752","https://openalex.org/W1999265278","https://openalex.org/W2003342984","https://openalex.org/W2014971825","https://openalex.org/W2041076788","https://openalex.org/W2044623356","https://openalex.org/W2060141207","https://openalex.org/W2078493525","https://openalex.org/W2079797201","https://openalex.org/W2088202621","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2118099695","https://openalex.org/W2118472629","https://openalex.org/W2118476524","https://openalex.org/W2121304812","https://openalex.org/W2131417962","https://openalex.org/W2149476639","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2335413077","https://openalex.org/W3001079982","https://openalex.org/W3133879316"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026749086","https://openalex.org/W2086600603","https://openalex.org/W2055864766","https://openalex.org/W2086623225","https://openalex.org/W1990729813","https://openalex.org/W1990198604","https://openalex.org/W1980856591","https://openalex.org/W2015888147","https://openalex.org/W2084426225","https://openalex.org/W1990824316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"indoor":[1,44,68,119],"positioning":[2,69,120,124],"design":[3,114],"developed":[4,87],"for":[5,40,88],"mobile":[6],"phones":[7],"by":[8,60,80,100],"integrating":[9],"a":[10,37,42,81,116],"single":[11],"microphone":[12],"sensor,":[13],"an":[14,122],"H2":[15,76],"estimator,":[16],"and":[17,109],"tagged":[18],"sound":[19,52,82],"sources,":[20],"all":[21],"with":[22],"distinct":[23],"frequencies,":[24],"is":[25,57,86],"proposed":[26,75,113],"in":[27],"this":[28,72],"investigation.":[29],"From":[30,105],"existing":[31],"practical":[32,110],"experiments,":[33],"the":[34,50,67,74,91,106,112,135],"results":[35,108],"summarize":[36],"key":[38],"point":[39],"achieving":[41],"satisfactory":[43],"positioning:":[45],"The":[46],"estimation":[47,77],"accuracy":[48],"of":[49,63,93,127,137],"instantaneous":[51],"pressure":[53,83],"level":[54,84],"(SPL)":[55],"that":[56],"inevitably":[58],"affected":[59],"random":[61],"variations":[62,98],"environmental":[64,139],"corruptions":[65],"dominates":[66],"performance.":[70],"Following":[71],"guideline,":[73],"design,":[78],"accompanied":[79],"model,":[85],"effectively":[89],"mitigating":[90],"influences":[92],"received":[94],"signal":[95],"strength":[96],"(RSS)":[97],"caused":[99],"reverberation,":[101],"reflection,":[102],"refraction,":[103],"etc.":[104],"simulation":[107],"tests,":[111],"delivers":[115],"highly":[117],"promising":[118],"performance:":[121],"average":[123],"RMS":[125],"error":[126],"0.75":[128],"m":[129],"can":[130],"be":[131],"obtained,":[132],"even":[133],"under":[134],"effects":[136],"heavy":[138],"corruptions.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-07T08:38:57.713557","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
