{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318464381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031452","title":"Research and Evaluation on an Optical Automatic Detection System for the Defects of the Manufactured Paper Cups","display_name":"Research and Evaluation on an Optical Automatic Detection System for the Defects of the Manufactured Paper Cups","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318464381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031452","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1452/pdf?version=1674895438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1452/pdf?version=1674895438","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338743","display_name":"Ping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5692-5626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108113","display_name":"Yango University","ror":"https://ror.org/01eqh1863","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Yango University, Fuzhou 350015, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Yango University, Fuzhou 350015, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014935584","display_name":"Yang-Han Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-6453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107470533","display_name":"Tamkang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tft4718","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang-Han Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110033302","display_name":"Hsien\u2010Wei Tseng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108113","display_name":"Yango University","ror":"https://ror.org/01eqh1863","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsien-Wei Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Yango University, Fuzhou 350015, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Yango University, Fuzhou 350015, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055717634","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Fu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-2264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126145234","display_name":"Chaoyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwksx09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192168892","display_name":"National University of Kaohsiung","ror":"https://ror.org/013zjb662","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Fu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan","Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192168892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014935584","https://openalex.org/A5055717634"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107470533","https://openalex.org/I126145234","https://openalex.org/I192168892"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.5329,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84313953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1452","last_page":"1452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6775194406509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6676343679428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sobel-operator","display_name":"Sobel operator","score":0.6609870195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5555225610733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5432518720626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49802374839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.49498623609542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.34989625215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2539806067943573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6775194406509399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6676343679428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30703548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757673","display_name":"Sobel operator","level":5,"score":0.6609870195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5555225610733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5432518720626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49802374839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.49498623609542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.34989625215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2539806067943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1452/pdf?version=1674895438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36772487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9920084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9920084","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9920084/pdf/sensors-23-01452.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw:987654321/125584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/handle/987654321/125584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922698","display_name":"Tamkang University Institutional Repository (TKUIR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a7a6a821af5495683ad16094c1804a4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a7a6a821af5495683ad16094c1804a4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 1452 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/3/1452/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 3; Pages: 1452","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1452/pdf?version=1674895438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318464381.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049004027","https://openalex.org/W2094505759","https://openalex.org/W2554995669","https://openalex.org/W2561726557","https://openalex.org/W2736421641","https://openalex.org/W2897289831","https://openalex.org/W2911057572","https://openalex.org/W2966216091","https://openalex.org/W3030132100","https://openalex.org/W3096221800","https://openalex.org/W3140060010","https://openalex.org/W3162778129","https://openalex.org/W3172879813","https://openalex.org/W3174774752","https://openalex.org/W3178741120","https://openalex.org/W3179696147","https://openalex.org/W3199225694","https://openalex.org/W3200503076","https://openalex.org/W3202782177","https://openalex.org/W3205451806","https://openalex.org/W3210791762","https://openalex.org/W3216082637","https://openalex.org/W4200632931","https://openalex.org/W4205781500","https://openalex.org/W4288033123","https://openalex.org/W6801638951","https://openalex.org/W6802598544","https://openalex.org/W6806029913","https://openalex.org/W6841060111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386073847","https://openalex.org/W4388400392","https://openalex.org/W2383455043","https://openalex.org/W1974517722","https://openalex.org/W2367735169","https://openalex.org/W2269083758","https://openalex.org/W4225576506","https://openalex.org/W2545393398","https://openalex.org/W2378692644","https://openalex.org/W2412868618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,9,13,35,38,49,62,68,72,83,91,105,110,114,144,150,155,172,176,183,186],"paper":[4,40,116,125,157,187],"cups":[5,188],"were":[6,101,119,128],"used":[7,47,59,81,102],"as":[8,48,82,160],"research":[10],"objects,":[11,74],"and":[12,75,98,107,133,164],"machine":[14],"vision":[15],"detection":[16,31,122,145],"technology":[17],"was":[18,46,58,80,189],"combined":[19,43],"with":[20],"different":[21,121],"image":[22,84,87,135],"processing":[23,88],"techniques":[24],"to":[25,33,60,65,103,181],"investigate":[26],"a":[27,76],"non-contact":[28],"optical":[29],"automatic":[30],"system":[32],"identify":[34],"defects":[36,111,184],"of":[37,71,109,154],"manufactured":[39,156],"cups.":[41,117],"The":[42,86,138],"ring":[44],"light":[45,50,64],"source,":[51],"an":[52],"infrared":[53],"(IR)":[54],"LED":[55],"matrix":[56],"panel":[57],"provide":[61],"IR":[63],"constantly":[66],"highlight":[67],"outer":[69],"edges":[70],"detected":[73],"multi-grid":[77],"pixel":[78],"array":[79],"sensor.":[85],"techniques,":[89],"including":[90],"Gaussian":[92],"filter,":[93],"Sobel":[94],"operator,":[95],"Binarization":[96],"process,":[97],"connected":[99],"component,":[100],"enhance":[104],"inspection":[106],"recognition":[108],"existing":[112],"in":[113],"produced":[115],"There":[118],"three":[120],"processes":[123,146],"for":[124,175],"cups,":[126,158],"which":[127],"divided":[129],"into":[130],"internal,":[131],"external,":[132],"bottom":[134],"acquisition":[136],"processes.":[137],"present":[139],"study":[140,168],"demonstrated":[141],"that":[142,171],"all":[143],"could":[147],"clearly":[148],"detect":[149,182],"surface":[151],"defect":[152],"features":[153],"such":[159],"dirt,":[161],"burrs,":[162],"holes,":[163],"uneven":[165],"thickness.":[166],"Our":[167],"also":[169],"revealed":[170],"average":[173],"time":[174],"investigated":[177],"Automatic":[178],"Optical":[179],"Detection":[180],"on":[185],"only":[190],"0.3":[191],"s.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
