{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317931992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031339","title":"Deep-Q-Network-Based Packet Scheduling in an IoT Environment","display_name":"Deep-Q-Network-Based Packet Scheduling in an IoT Environment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317931992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031339","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031339","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1339/pdf?version=1675739267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1339/pdf?version=1675739267","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064905193","display_name":"Xing Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-072X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-072X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054024861","display_name":"Jeong Geun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-2014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeong Geun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-2014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054024861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.8011,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90298573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1339","last_page":"1339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8077080249786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7053864002227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6659746766090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6401124596595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5838907361030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5297563672065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5213735699653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.5212181806564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5148800611495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.47703808546066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.46944332122802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4465333819389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.41290903091430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09746626019477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06182870268821716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8077080249786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7053864002227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6659746766090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6401124596595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5838907361030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5297563672065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5213735699653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.5212181806564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5148800611495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47703808546066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.46944332122802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4465333819389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.41290903091430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09746626019477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06182870268821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031339","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1339/pdf?version=1675739267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36772379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9919974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9919974","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9919974/pdf/sensors-23-01339.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad464690b0d84cc98e035d4d8de528ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad464690b0d84cc98e035d4d8de528ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 1339 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/3/1339/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 3; Pages: 1339","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031339","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1339/pdf?version=1675739267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321332","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317931992.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496127164","https://openalex.org/W1970049226","https://openalex.org/W1998514859","https://openalex.org/W2046672513","https://openalex.org/W2101087742","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2170239483","https://openalex.org/W2581042172","https://openalex.org/W2760871458","https://openalex.org/W2765555988","https://openalex.org/W2793521475","https://openalex.org/W2889736389","https://openalex.org/W2896913907","https://openalex.org/W2910328342","https://openalex.org/W2941924863","https://openalex.org/W2969256749","https://openalex.org/W2980413880","https://openalex.org/W2982596429","https://openalex.org/W2989908222","https://openalex.org/W3007447684","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3116123524","https://openalex.org/W3122257872","https://openalex.org/W3188796960","https://openalex.org/W4226370135","https://openalex.org/W6769200038","https://openalex.org/W6787397061","https://openalex.org/W6810916974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078600672","https://openalex.org/W2108307164","https://openalex.org/W2152352615","https://openalex.org/W2780521957","https://openalex.org/W2374178182","https://openalex.org/W2099418498","https://openalex.org/W4365998677","https://openalex.org/W2119824267","https://openalex.org/W3039787384","https://openalex.org/W2100699428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,17,26,55,85,96,101,110,119,127,131,141,147,150,158,183],"advent":[2],"of":[3,6,13,50,58,87,103,130,149,185],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"era,":[9],"a":[10,48,75,165,169],"wide":[11],"array":[12],"wireless":[14,28,51,59],"sensors":[15],"supporting":[16],"IoT":[18,89],"have":[19],"proliferated.":[20],"As":[21],"key":[22],"elements":[23],"for":[24],"enabling":[25],"IoT,":[27],"sensor":[29,52,60],"nodes":[30,61],"require":[31],"minimal":[32],"energy":[33,123],"consumption":[34],"and":[35,62,100,125],"low":[36],"device":[37],"complexity.":[38],"In":[39,70],"particular,":[40],"energy-efficient":[41],"resource":[42],"scheduling":[43,81,92,160],"is":[44,65],"critical":[45],"in":[46,168,173,177],"maintaining":[47],"network":[49,132,171],"nodes,":[53],"since":[54],"energy-intensive":[56],"processing":[57],"their":[63],"interactions":[64],"too":[66],"complicated":[67],"to":[68,137],"control.":[69],"this":[71],"study,":[72],"we":[73,115,135],"present":[74],"practical":[76],"deep":[77],"Q-network":[78],"(DQN)-based":[79],"packet":[80,143],"algorithm":[82,93,161],"that":[83,157,176],"coordinates":[84],"transmissions":[86],"multiple":[88],"devices.":[90],"The":[91,153],"dynamically":[94],"adjusts":[95],"connection":[97],"interval":[98],"(CI)":[99],"number":[102],"packets":[104],"transmitted":[105],"by":[106,145],"each":[107],"node":[108],"within":[109],"interval.":[111],"Through":[112],"various":[113],"experiments,":[114],"verify":[116],"how":[117],"effectively":[118],"proposed":[120,159],"scheduler":[121,144],"improves":[122],"efficiency":[124],"handles":[126],"time-varying":[128],"nature":[129],"environment.":[133],"Moreover,":[134],"attempt":[136],"gain":[138],"insight":[139],"into":[140],"optimized":[142],"analyzing":[146],"policy":[148],"DQN":[151],"scheduler.":[152],"experimental":[154],"results":[155],"show":[156],"can":[162],"further":[163],"prolong":[164],"network's":[166],"lifetime":[167],"dynamic":[170],"environment":[172],"comparison":[174],"with":[175],"other":[178],"alternative":[179],"schemes":[180],"while":[181],"ensuring":[182],"quality":[184],"service":[186],"(QoS).":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
