{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317932970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031334","title":"Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage","display_name":"Flood Detection in Steel Tubes Using Guided Wave Energy Leakage","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317932970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031334","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031334","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1334/pdf?version=1674636334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1334/pdf?version=1674636334","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061994710","display_name":"Rito Mijarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-4092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143361","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energ\u00edas Limpias","ror":"https://ror.org/04c7j0c48","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143361"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rito Mijarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energ\u00edas limpias, Gerencia de Control, Electr\u00f3nica y Comunicaciones, Calle Reforma 113, Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-4092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energ\u00edas limpias, Gerencia de Control, Electr\u00f3nica y Comunicaciones, Calle Reforma 113, Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143361"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061994710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143361"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1457,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3396105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1334","last_page":"1334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11694","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.6733670234680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.4499831199645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4114339351654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-engineering","display_name":"Forensic engineering","score":0.36647480726242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.354023814201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.349545955657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.33177000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.322582870721817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14861434698104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08273276686668396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6733670234680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.4499831199645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4114339351654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36647480726242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.354023814201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.349545955657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.33177000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.322582870721817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14861434698104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08273276686668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031334","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1334/pdf?version=1674636334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36772373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9919827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9919827","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9919827/pdf/sensors-23-01334.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8dc79300e20484992f2f19cd5cde3b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8dc79300e20484992f2f19cd5cde3b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 1334 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/3/1334/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 3; Pages: 1334","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031334","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1334/pdf?version=1674636334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317932970.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W820924351","https://openalex.org/W1909145350","https://openalex.org/W1974460347","https://openalex.org/W1975014937","https://openalex.org/W1979219097","https://openalex.org/W1985260438","https://openalex.org/W1987668756","https://openalex.org/W1991772129","https://openalex.org/W1994760252","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2003638826","https://openalex.org/W2006424830","https://openalex.org/W2014208602","https://openalex.org/W2017419185","https://openalex.org/W2018382216","https://openalex.org/W2020647795","https://openalex.org/W2021303783","https://openalex.org/W2021386554","https://openalex.org/W2024975146","https://openalex.org/W2027344880","https://openalex.org/W2034139177","https://openalex.org/W2036919510","https://openalex.org/W2041116116","https://openalex.org/W2044808351","https://openalex.org/W2052160453","https://openalex.org/W2059461145","https://openalex.org/W2060821781","https://openalex.org/W2064655610","https://openalex.org/W2075540330","https://openalex.org/W2089632526","https://openalex.org/W2100861675","https://openalex.org/W2101138193","https://openalex.org/W2119068978","https://openalex.org/W2128147933","https://openalex.org/W2141442318","https://openalex.org/W2152567482","https://openalex.org/W2159215206","https://openalex.org/W2164112347","https://openalex.org/W2475191475","https://openalex.org/W3175810420","https://openalex.org/W4230413878","https://openalex.org/W4231715255","https://openalex.org/W4250722658","https://openalex.org/W4251571283","https://openalex.org/W6728685527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3020755331","https://openalex.org/W2394377911","https://openalex.org/W63519562","https://openalex.org/W4386724243","https://openalex.org/W4388268408","https://openalex.org/W4387816319","https://openalex.org/W2016618709","https://openalex.org/W4380088563","https://openalex.org/W4220728969","https://openalex.org/W2352096750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"study":[1],"that":[2],"evaluated":[3],"the":[4,45,77,108,113,131,140,150,159],"use":[5],"of":[6,49,80,112,136],"ultrasonic-guided":[7],"waves":[8],"to":[9,57,76,104,115],"detect":[10],"water":[11],"in":[12,92,158],"hollow":[13],"pipes":[14],"is":[15],"presented.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"work,":[19],"a":[20,25,32,41,50,58,61,81,137,143],"guided":[21,100],"wave":[22,101],"system":[23],"employed":[24],"40":[26],"kHz":[27],"piezoelectric":[28],"(PZT)":[29],"transmitter":[30,37,67],"and":[31,44,68],"PZT":[33],"ultrasound":[34],"transducer.":[35],"The":[36,66,122],"was":[38,47,96,124,142],"based":[39,98,129],"on":[40,99,130,148],"battery-operated":[42],"microcontroller,":[43],"receiver":[46,69],"composed":[48],"digital":[51],"signal":[52,127],"processor":[53],"(DSP)":[54],"module":[55],"connected":[56],"PC":[59],"via":[60],"USB":[62],"for":[63],"monitoring":[64],"purposes.":[65],"were":[70,119],"attached,":[71],"non-intrusively":[72],"without":[73],"perfect":[74],"alignment,":[75],"external":[78],"wall":[79,111],"steel":[82,110],"tube":[83,114],"1":[84],"m":[85],"\u00d7":[86,89],"270":[87],"mm":[88,91],"2":[90],"size.":[93],"Flood":[94],"detection":[95],"performed":[97,157],"attenuation":[102],"due":[103],"energy":[105,133],"leakage":[106],"from":[107],"internal":[109],"water.":[116],"Two":[117],"approaches":[118],"carried":[120],"out.":[121],"former":[123],"an":[125],"off-line":[126],"response":[128],"wavelet":[132],"entropy":[134],"analysis":[135,146],"received":[138],"pulse;":[139],"latter":[141],"real-time":[144],"hit-and-miss":[145],"centered":[147],"measuring":[149],"time-space":[151],"in-between":[152],"two":[153],"transmitted":[154],"pulses.":[155],"Experiments":[156],"laboratory":[160],"successfully":[161],"identified":[162],"flooded":[163],"tubes.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
