{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317727238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031279","title":"A Survey on Optimization Techniques for Edge Artificial Intelligence (AI)","display_name":"A Survey on Optimization Techniques for Edge Artificial Intelligence (AI)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317727238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031279","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031279","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1279/pdf?version=1675665797","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1279/pdf?version=1675665797","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084092632","display_name":"Chellammal Surianarayanan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4076070","display_name":"Bharathidasan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7vnb60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4076070"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chellammal Surianarayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Distance and Online Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Distance and Online Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4076070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053709275","display_name":"John Jeyasekaran Lawrence","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8408910","display_name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bqvf857","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Jeyasekaran Lawrence","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029854353","display_name":"Pethuru Raj Chelliah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-0408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136064","display_name":"Reliance Industries (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04j6cfb03","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136064"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pethuru Raj Chelliah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge AI Division, Reliance Jio Platforms Ltd., Bangalore 560103, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge AI Division, Reliance Jio Platforms Ltd., Bangalore 560103, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136064"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074498946","display_name":"Edmond Prakash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-0186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65106266","display_name":"University for the Creative Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04r0ks517","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65106266"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmond Prakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Creative Arts, University for the Creative Arts (UCA), Farnham GU9 7DS, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Creative Arts, University for the Creative Arts (UCA), Farnham GU9 7DS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65106266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043570519","display_name":"Chaminda Hewage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-6661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8408910","display_name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bqvf857","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaminda Hewage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084092632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4076070"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":20.5604,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99677235,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1279","last_page":"1279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6693196296691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6003752946853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5159293413162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","score":0.503417432308197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.47148653864860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4093545377254486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.40923601388931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2301311492919922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6693196296691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6003752946853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5159293413162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.503417432308197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.47148653864860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4093545377254486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.40923601388931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2301311492919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031279","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1279/pdf?version=1675665797","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36772319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9919555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9919555","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9919555/pdf/sensors-23-01279.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4dc650c8d6884abe8dc1ca58805dbb9b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4dc650c8d6884abe8dc1ca58805dbb9b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 1279 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/22666333","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Survey_on_Optimization_Techniques_for_Edge_Artificial_Intelligence_AI_/22666333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/3/1279/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031279","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1279/pdf?version=1675665797","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317727238.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317727238.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2052203929","https://openalex.org/W2058641082","https://openalex.org/W2086244907","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2166107799","https://openalex.org/W2295405790","https://openalex.org/W2511933885","https://openalex.org/W2583491955","https://openalex.org/W2593245696","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2609971076","https://openalex.org/W2617960902","https://openalex.org/W2765226969","https://openalex.org/W2798317693","https://openalex.org/W2799238091","https://openalex.org/W2800734880","https://openalex.org/W2805467605","https://openalex.org/W2808420356","https://openalex.org/W2903601652","https://openalex.org/W2904699287","https://openalex.org/W2941219224","https://openalex.org/W2950865323","https://openalex.org/W2955325220","https://openalex.org/W2963363373","https://openalex.org/W2963527567","https://openalex.org/W2963674932","https://openalex.org/W2964233199","https://openalex.org/W2971544482","https://openalex.org/W2980612421","https://openalex.org/W2982157312","https://openalex.org/W2982486887","https://openalex.org/W2988105327","https://openalex.org/W2989651853","https://openalex.org/W2996942942","https://openalex.org/W2997768846","https://openalex.org/W3015735225","https://openalex.org/W3020191122","https://openalex.org/W3021951958","https://openalex.org/W3023935494","https://openalex.org/W3036338494","https://openalex.org/W3037096201","https://openalex.org/W3041971333","https://openalex.org/W3043350800","https://openalex.org/W3046653923","https://openalex.org/W3088017310","https://openalex.org/W3088100225","https://openalex.org/W3089578458","https://openalex.org/W3093374968","https://openalex.org/W3105886168","https://openalex.org/W3108426037","https://openalex.org/W3112044954","https://openalex.org/W3112453875","https://openalex.org/W3118775457","https://openalex.org/W3119031357","https://openalex.org/W3125516532","https://openalex.org/W3133830739","https://openalex.org/W3135524540","https://openalex.org/W3135765046","https://openalex.org/W3137762252","https://openalex.org/W3147974890","https://openalex.org/W3151820952","https://openalex.org/W3158216587","https://openalex.org/W3166492421","https://openalex.org/W3168256142","https://openalex.org/W3168829393","https://openalex.org/W3172621498","https://openalex.org/W3172744943","https://openalex.org/W3176946833","https://openalex.org/W3177095755","https://openalex.org/W3177323033","https://openalex.org/W3179083294","https://openalex.org/W3179431530","https://openalex.org/W3185987447","https://openalex.org/W3193135755","https://openalex.org/W3196371845","https://openalex.org/W3197092927","https://openalex.org/W3197292393","https://openalex.org/W3200051273","https://openalex.org/W3204510963","https://openalex.org/W3205164970","https://openalex.org/W3209696639","https://openalex.org/W3212224681","https://openalex.org/W3212568851","https://openalex.org/W4205708288","https://openalex.org/W4207018102","https://openalex.org/W4211062319","https://openalex.org/W4213308398","https://openalex.org/W4221103247","https://openalex.org/W4229439645","https://openalex.org/W4280500134","https://openalex.org/W4285142407","https://openalex.org/W4285299124","https://openalex.org/W4295086835","https://openalex.org/W4295548135","https://openalex.org/W6638632666","https://openalex.org/W6638783484","https://openalex.org/W6685405536","https://openalex.org/W6736976783","https://openalex.org/W6748416416","https://openalex.org/W6781242735","https://openalex.org/W6808199693","https://openalex.org/W6840008824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W217960748","https://openalex.org/W3125814499","https://openalex.org/W2090827041","https://openalex.org/W187246281","https://openalex.org/W2565703248","https://openalex.org/W2910384174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Intelligence":[1],"(Al)":[2],"models":[3,54,62,67,84,151],"are":[4,29,63,85,100],"being":[5,45,86],"produced":[6],"and":[7,15,18,27,51,57,75,96,106,109,112,131,143,170,182,192],"used":[8,46],"to":[9,91,172,179],"solve":[10],"a":[11,69,124,164],"variety":[12],"of":[13,42,71,101,166,186,205],"current":[14],"future":[16],"business":[17],"technical":[19],"problems.":[20],"Therefore,":[21,157],"AI":[22,53,61,83,150,154,158,174,209],"model":[23,155,187,210],"engineering":[24],"processes,":[25],"platforms,":[26],"products":[28],"acquiring":[30],"special":[31],"significance":[32],"across":[33],"industry":[34],"verticals.":[35],"For":[36],"achieving":[37],"deeper":[38],"automation,":[39],"the":[40,59,79,137,196,203],"number":[41,165],"data":[43,119],"features":[44],"while":[47],"generating":[48],"highly":[49],"promising":[50],"productive":[52],"is":[55,178],"numerous,":[56],"hence":[58],"resulting":[60],"bulky.":[64],"Such":[65],"heavyweight":[66],"consume":[68],"lot":[70],"computation,":[72],"storage,":[73],"networking,":[74],"energy":[76],"resources.":[77],"On":[78],"other":[80],"side,":[81],"increasingly,":[82],"deployed":[87],"in":[88,104],"IoT":[89],"devices":[90],"ensure":[92],"real-time":[93,108,128],"knowledge":[94],"discovery":[95],"dissemination.":[97],"Real-time":[98],"insights":[99],"paramount":[102],"importance":[103,204],"producing":[105],"releasing":[107],"intelligent":[110,129],"services":[111],"applications.":[113],"Thus,":[114],"edge":[115],"intelligence":[116],"through":[117],"on-device":[118],"processing":[120],"has":[121,201],"laid":[122],"down":[123],"stimulating":[125],"foundation":[126],"for":[127,146],"enterprises":[130],"environments.":[132],"With":[133],"these":[134],"emerging":[135],"requirements,":[136],"focus":[138],"turned":[139],"towards":[140],"unearthing":[141],"competent":[142],"cognitive":[144],"techniques":[145,169],"maximally":[147],"compressing":[148],"huge":[149],"without":[152],"sacrificing":[153],"performance.":[156],"researchers":[159],"have":[160],"come":[161],"up":[162],"with":[163],"powerful":[167],"optimization":[168,188,197,211],"tools":[171],"optimize":[173],"models.":[175],"This":[176],"paper":[177],"dig":[180],"deep":[181],"describe":[183],"all":[184],"kinds":[185],"at":[189],"different":[190],"levels":[191],"layers.":[193],"Having":[194],"learned":[195],"methods,":[198],"this":[199],"work":[200],"highlighted":[202],"having":[206],"an":[207],"enabling":[208],"framework.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
