{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316810672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031070","title":"Irregular Scene Text Detection Based on a Graph Convolutional Network","display_name":"Irregular Scene Text Detection Based on a Graph Convolutional Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316810672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031070","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1070/pdf?version=1675671810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1070/pdf?version=1675671810","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409612","display_name":"Shiyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-824X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092870","display_name":"Jiaxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j2a7k55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China","College of Science, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005960465","display_name":"Caiying Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caiying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364650","display_name":"Yonggang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-0368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092870","display_name":"Jiaxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j2a7k55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonggang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102744584","display_name":"Xianchao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-8371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092870","display_name":"Jiaxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j2a7k55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043655716","display_name":"Lihua Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-0485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092870","display_name":"Jiaxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j2a7k55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-0485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044293662","display_name":"Yuanwang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3740-8101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092870","display_name":"Jiaxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j2a7k55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China","Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3740-8101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044293662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.27,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78492058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"1070","last_page":"1070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7916449308395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjacency-list","display_name":"Adjacency list","score":0.6306191682815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.612334132194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5994390845298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5501809120178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-detection","display_name":"Text detection","score":0.5355045795440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5256413221359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.5129368305206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall-rate","display_name":"Recall rate","score":0.49948906898498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connected-component","display_name":"Connected component","score":0.44765153527259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.42182090878486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3220098614692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22653555870056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.22244980931282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18464887142181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.12033498287200928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7916449308395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110484373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264398","display_name":"Adjacency list","level":2,"score":0.6306191682815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.612334132194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5994390845298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5501809120178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983589003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Text detection","level":3,"score":0.5355045795440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5256413221359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5129368305206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987098735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3808900","display_name":"Recall rate","level":2,"score":0.49948906898498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193435613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997928","display_name":"Connected component","level":2,"score":0.44765153527259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.42182090878486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3220098614692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22653555870056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.22244980931282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18464887142181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.12033498287200928}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1070/pdf?version=1675671810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36772110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36772110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9919283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9919283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e49a207afa0446f5b50565a9262bd796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e49a207afa0446f5b50565a9262bd796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 3, p 1070 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/3/1070/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 3; Pages: 1070","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23031070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/3/1070/pdf?version=1675671810","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316810672.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2056518953","https://openalex.org/W2341497066","https://openalex.org/W2533962510","https://openalex.org/W2550687635","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2790046311","https://openalex.org/W2810028092","https://openalex.org/W2902494497","https://openalex.org/W2953606406","https://openalex.org/W2953894958","https://openalex.org/W2962681479","https://openalex.org/W2962851485","https://openalex.org/W2963647456","https://openalex.org/W2965463054","https://openalex.org/W2967615747","https://openalex.org/W2968226676","https://openalex.org/W2988098900","https://openalex.org/W3012458836","https://openalex.org/W3021481629","https://openalex.org/W3034514377","https://openalex.org/W3034792612","https://openalex.org/W3035679705","https://openalex.org/W3082397598","https://openalex.org/W3123709332","https://openalex.org/W3134523352","https://openalex.org/W3171030392","https://openalex.org/W3181016597","https://openalex.org/W3184364189","https://openalex.org/W3184923351","https://openalex.org/W3203431461","https://openalex.org/W4214922754","https://openalex.org/W4220881886","https://openalex.org/W4221097663","https://openalex.org/W4226000259","https://openalex.org/W4226408018","https://openalex.org/W4282568357","https://openalex.org/W4288391612","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6776488277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568383588","https://openalex.org/W2601891598","https://openalex.org/W2969482124","https://openalex.org/W3014346679","https://openalex.org/W3185687119","https://openalex.org/W2946993372","https://openalex.org/W2121569490","https://openalex.org/W2754549723","https://openalex.org/W2810003256","https://openalex.org/W1014191188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"irregular":[1,58,154],"or":[2],"arbitrary":[3],"shape":[4],"text":[5,59,77,90,98,101,115,156],"in":[6,60],"natural":[7,61],"scene":[8,62,155],"images":[9],"is":[10,104],"a":[11,49,67,88,107,118],"challenging":[12],"task":[13],"that":[14,52,149,159],"has":[15],"recently":[16],"attracted":[17],"considerable":[18],"attention":[19],"from":[20],"research":[21],"communities.":[22],"However,":[23],"limited":[24],"by":[25,40,135],"the":[26,80,111,150],"CNN":[27],"receptive":[28],"field,":[29],"these":[30,165],"methods":[31],"cannot":[32],"directly":[33],"capture":[34],"relations":[35,113],"between":[36],"distant":[37],"component":[38,91],"regions":[39],"local":[41],"convolutional":[42,69],"operators.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,65,128],"propose":[48],"novel":[50],"method":[51,152],"can":[53,86],"effectively":[54],"and":[55,95,144,158],"robustly":[56],"detect":[57],"images.":[63],"First,":[64],"employ":[66],"fully":[68],"network":[70,121],"architecture":[71],"based":[72],"on":[73,138,164],"VGG16_BN":[74],"to":[75,124],"generate":[76],"components":[78,116],"via":[79],"estimated":[81],"character":[82],"center":[83],"points,":[84],"which":[85],"ensure":[87],"high":[89],"detection":[92],"recall":[93],"rate":[94],"fewer":[96],"noncharacter":[97],"components.":[99],"Second,":[100],"line":[102],"grouping":[103],"treated":[105],"as":[106],"problem":[108],"of":[109,114],"inferring":[110],"adjacency":[112],"with":[117,131],"graph":[119],"convolution":[120],"(GCN).":[122],"Finally,":[123],"evaluate":[125],"our":[126],"algorithm,":[127],"compare":[129],"it":[130,160],"other":[132],"existing":[133],"algorithms":[134],"performing":[136],"experiments":[137],"three":[139,166],"public":[140,167],"datasets:":[141],"ICDAR2013,":[142],"CTW-1500":[143],"MSRA-TD500.":[145],"The":[146],"results":[147,163],"show":[148],"proposed":[151],"handles":[153],"well":[157],"achieves":[161],"promising":[162],"datasets.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}