{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315864429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020937","title":"ECG Identification Based on the Gramian Angular Field and Tested with Individuals in Resting and Activity States","display_name":"ECG Identification Based on the Gramian Angular Field and Tested with Individuals in Resting and Activity States","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315864429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020937","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36679733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020937","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/937/pdf?version=1673607253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/937/pdf?version=1673607253","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035792370","display_name":"Carmen C\u00e1mara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-8724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Camara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004222325","display_name":"Pedro Peris\u2010Lopez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-0760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Peris-Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-0760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036703361","display_name":"Masoumeh Safkhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-0828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83123760","display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkz4493","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoumeh Safkhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 16788-15811, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-0828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 16788-15811, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069794920","display_name":"Nasour Bagheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83123760","display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkz4493","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasour Bagheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 16788-15811, Iran","School of Computer Science (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 16788-15811, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-5342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 16788-15811, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 16788-15811, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004222325","https://openalex.org/A5035792370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":6.2026,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97355253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"937","last_page":"937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6504073739051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6331586837768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6131535172462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5899717807769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5094988942146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5059189200401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.504888117313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3462422788143158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15583926439285278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6504073739051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6331586837768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6131535172462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5899717807769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5094988942146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5059189200401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.504888117313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3462422788143158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15583926439285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020937","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/937/pdf?version=1673607253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36679733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36679733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-archivo.uc3m.es:10016/39014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/39014","pdf_url":"https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstreams/190efbcc-4505-4190-8fba-d6bd08a2b0a5/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400817","display_name":"e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","host_organization_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9862128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9862128","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9862128/pdf/sensors-23-00937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2aa185f25cb44ab49b762b9245380046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2aa185f25cb44ab49b762b9245380046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 2, p 937 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/2/937/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 2; Pages: 937","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020937","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/937/pdf?version=1673607253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2952880184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2018/TCS-4566","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4997352794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PUCFA (PUCFA- CM-UC3M)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5384093410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CYNAMON (P2018/TCS- 263 4566)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608656144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PUCFA- CM-UC3M","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315864429.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546847729","https://openalex.org/W1635810158","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2101713460","https://openalex.org/W2149282426","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2293524822","https://openalex.org/W2326461200","https://openalex.org/W2469850819","https://openalex.org/W2620050178","https://openalex.org/W2759456125","https://openalex.org/W2779797561","https://openalex.org/W2793312492","https://openalex.org/W2794557162","https://openalex.org/W2795056531","https://openalex.org/W2795302640","https://openalex.org/W2905396542","https://openalex.org/W2922165552","https://openalex.org/W2927164398","https://openalex.org/W2934396928","https://openalex.org/W2940862616","https://openalex.org/W2949402129","https://openalex.org/W2980343828","https://openalex.org/W2984926748","https://openalex.org/W2989554011","https://openalex.org/W2991390974","https://openalex.org/W3000069883","https://openalex.org/W3008383275","https://openalex.org/W3016596740","https://openalex.org/W3027572331","https://openalex.org/W3037473497","https://openalex.org/W3112789885","https://openalex.org/W3124136285","https://openalex.org/W3127514899","https://openalex.org/W3128964087","https://openalex.org/W3135128169","https://openalex.org/W3158971538","https://openalex.org/W3165879603","https://openalex.org/W3201801877"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2095239294","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3212688212","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W2353749315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,162],"the":[1,7,68,93,103,107,165,174,184],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"biosignals":[4],"have":[5],"attracted":[6],"attention":[8],"of":[9,18,106,114,171],"many":[10],"researchers":[11],"when":[12],"designing":[13],"novel":[14,57],"biometrics":[15],"systems.":[16],"Many":[17],"these":[19,31],"works":[20],"use":[21],"cardiac":[22],"signals":[23],"and":[24,54,101,155,173],"their":[25],"representation":[26],"as":[27],"electrocardiograms":[28],"(ECGs).":[29],"Nowadays,":[30],"solutions":[32],"are":[33],"even":[34],"more":[35],"realistic":[36],"since":[37],"we":[38,66],"can":[39],"acquire":[40],"reliable":[41],"ECG":[42,61,69],"records":[43],"by":[44],"using":[45,98,130,140],"wearable":[46],"devices.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"moves":[50],"in":[51,83],"that":[52],"direction":[53],"proposes":[55],"a":[56,77,118,124,152],"approach":[58],"for":[59,111],"an":[60,169],"identification":[62,120,166],"system.":[63],"For":[64],"that,":[65],"transform":[67],"recordings":[70],"into":[71],"Gramian":[72],"Angular":[73],"Field":[74],"(GAF)":[75],"images,":[76],"time":[78,94],"series":[79,95],"encoding":[80],"technique":[81],"well-known":[82,142],"other":[84],"domains":[85],"but":[86],"not":[87],"very":[88],"common":[89],"with":[90],"biosignals.":[91],"Specifically,":[92],"is":[96,109,179],"transformed":[97],"polar":[99],"coordinates,":[100],"then,":[102],"cosine":[104],"sum":[105],"angles":[108],"computed":[110],"each":[112],"pair":[113],"points.":[115],"We":[116,133],"present":[117],"proof-of-concept":[119],"system":[121,167],"built":[122],"on":[123],"tuned":[125],"VGG19":[126],"convolutional":[127],"neural":[128],"network":[129],"this":[131],"approach.":[132],"confirm":[134],"our":[135],"proposal's":[136],"feasibility":[137],"through":[138],"experimentation":[139],"two":[141],"public":[143],"datasets:":[144],"MIT-BIH":[145],"Normal":[146],"Sinus":[147],"Rhythm":[148],"Database":[149],"(subjects":[150],"at":[151],"resting":[153],"state)":[154],"ECG-GUDB":[156],"(individuals":[157],"under":[158],"four":[159],"specific":[160],"activities).":[161],"both":[163],"scenarios,":[164],"reaches":[168],"accuracy":[170],"91%,":[172],"False":[175,185],"Acceptance":[176],"Rate":[177,187],"(FAR)":[178],"eight":[180],"times":[181],"higher":[182],"than":[183],"Rejection":[186],"(FRR).":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}