{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316037950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020934","title":"A CMOS Image Readout Circuit with On-Chip Defective Pixel Detection and Correction","display_name":"A CMOS Image Readout Circuit with On-Chip Defective Pixel Detection and Correction","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316037950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020934","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36679730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020934","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/934/pdf?version=1673601404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/934/pdf?version=1673601404","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015179529","display_name":"B\u00e1rbaro Maykel L\u00f3pez-Portilla Vigil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4784-6719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172787465","display_name":"University of Concepci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/0460jpj73","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172787465"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00e1rbaro M. L\u00f3pez-Portilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Edmundo Larenas 219, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4784-6719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Edmundo Larenas 219, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172787465"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068082158","display_name":"Wladimir Valenzuela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-3773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172787465","display_name":"University of Concepci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/0460jpj73","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172787465"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wladimir Valenzuela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Edmundo Larenas 219, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-3773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Edmundo Larenas 219, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172787465"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018095974","display_name":"Payman Zarkesh-Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0571-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Payman Zarkesh-Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1070, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0571-9212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1070, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044765327","display_name":"Miguel Figueroa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-432X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172787465","display_name":"University of Concepci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/0460jpj73","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172787465"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Figueroa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Edmundo Larenas 219, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-432X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Edmundo Larenas 219, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172787465"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044765327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172787465"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.6703,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62166887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"934","last_page":"934"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.8781452775001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.671484649181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-pattern-noise","display_name":"Fixed-pattern noise","score":0.6392921805381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6281432509422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5479497909545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.5466568470001221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5420433282852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5187547206878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-sensor","display_name":"CMOS sensor","score":0.470938116312027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4671081304550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.45640695095062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3354101777076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3191773593425751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19041216373443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16152676939964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11023679375648499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.8781452775001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.671484649181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456322","display_name":"Fixed-pattern noise","level":3,"score":0.6392921805381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6281432509422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5479497909545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.5466568470001221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5420433282852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5187547206878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210745","display_name":"CMOS sensor","level":3,"score":0.470938116312027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4671081304550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.45640695095062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3354101777076721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3191773593425751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19041216373443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16152676939964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11023679375648499}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009622","descriptor_name":"Noise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020934","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/934/pdf?version=1673601404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36679730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36679730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9863635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9863635","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9863635/pdf/sensors-23-00934.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b661e396e8684644b2606894b5cdc195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b661e396e8684644b2606894b5cdc195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 2, p 934 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/2/934/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 2; Pages: 934","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020934","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/934/pdf?version=1673601404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1055120609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21170172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5835205194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21170172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","funder_display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6442515315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21161616","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7707584037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1220960","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8337731079","display_name":"HARDWARE ACCELERATORS FOR NETWORK TRAFFIC MONITORING ON THE DATA PLANE","funder_award_id":"1220960","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","funder_display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G915754696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21161616","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","funder_display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","ror":"https://ror.org/02ap3w078"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316037950.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W594546823","https://openalex.org/W1585575485","https://openalex.org/W1594863824","https://openalex.org/W1964471912","https://openalex.org/W1996098051","https://openalex.org/W1997460212","https://openalex.org/W2023918085","https://openalex.org/W2030210684","https://openalex.org/W2042633959","https://openalex.org/W2043988312","https://openalex.org/W2079652886","https://openalex.org/W2085882395","https://openalex.org/W2091375035","https://openalex.org/W2120067191","https://openalex.org/W2124177559","https://openalex.org/W2133587709","https://openalex.org/W2136849966","https://openalex.org/W2142672420","https://openalex.org/W2151185170","https://openalex.org/W2180506254","https://openalex.org/W2477690816","https://openalex.org/W2519961028","https://openalex.org/W2539889958","https://openalex.org/W2586028541","https://openalex.org/W2612087310","https://openalex.org/W2655381514","https://openalex.org/W2742707802","https://openalex.org/W2744202503","https://openalex.org/W2744769585","https://openalex.org/W2790844226","https://openalex.org/W2794900789","https://openalex.org/W2803562618","https://openalex.org/W2895885795","https://openalex.org/W2896026293","https://openalex.org/W2904430334","https://openalex.org/W2908186927","https://openalex.org/W2912553236","https://openalex.org/W2918369581","https://openalex.org/W2959837279","https://openalex.org/W2973732790","https://openalex.org/W2974134299","https://openalex.org/W2977077753","https://openalex.org/W2999281663","https://openalex.org/W3008269499","https://openalex.org/W3011974474","https://openalex.org/W3015360744","https://openalex.org/W3037583673","https://openalex.org/W3086751423","https://openalex.org/W3096649732","https://openalex.org/W3136463641","https://openalex.org/W3154809183","https://openalex.org/W3165493985","https://openalex.org/W3172650941","https://openalex.org/W3199192683","https://openalex.org/W3209568560","https://openalex.org/W4288288733","https://openalex.org/W4293716159","https://openalex.org/W6678703346","https://openalex.org/W6772602070","https://openalex.org/W6791925290","https://openalex.org/W6797186450","https://openalex.org/W6803186550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352535872","https://openalex.org/W2022123780","https://openalex.org/W2349576212","https://openalex.org/W3188917671","https://openalex.org/W2750896364","https://openalex.org/W2334823507","https://openalex.org/W2107073676","https://openalex.org/W4255753471","https://openalex.org/W2350553929","https://openalex.org/W1981776476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Images":[0],"produced":[1],"by":[2],"CMOS":[3,57,122,152],"sensors":[4],"may":[5],"contain":[6],"defective":[7,47,79,101,186,204],"pixels":[8,102],"due":[9],"to":[10,29,35,139,166],"noise,":[11],"manufacturing":[12],"errors,":[13],"or":[14,40],"device":[15],"malfunction,":[16],"which":[17,60,124],"must":[18],"be":[19],"detected":[20],"and":[21,38,50,53,70,130,150,170,178,188,194],"corrected":[22],"at":[23,67,83,133,143],"early":[24],"processing":[25],"stages":[26],"in":[27,81,119,181,199],"order":[28],"produce":[30,154],"images":[31,132,182,200],"that":[32,144],"are":[33,61],"useful":[34],"human":[36],"users":[37],"image-processing":[39],"machine-vision":[41],"algorithms.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"a":[46,91,116,120,163,189],"pixel":[48,69,85],"detection":[49],"correction":[51],"algorithm":[52,149],"its":[54,151],"implementation":[55,153],"using":[56,86],"analog":[58],"circuits,":[59],"integrated":[62],"with":[63,103,183,201],"the":[64,68,76,94,97,100,104],"image":[65],"sensor":[66],"column":[71],"levels.":[72],"During":[73],"photocurrent":[74],"integration,":[75],"circuit":[77,98],"detects":[78],"values":[80],"parallel":[82],"each":[84],"simple":[87],"arithmetic":[88],"operations":[89],"within":[90],"neighborhood.":[92,109],"At":[93],"image-column":[95],"level,":[96],"replaces":[99],"median":[105],"value":[106],"of":[107,175,191,196],"their":[108],"To":[110],"validate":[111],"our":[112,126,147],"approach,":[113],"we":[114],"designed":[115],"128\u00d7128-pixel":[117],"imager":[118],"0.35\u03bcm":[121],"process,":[123],"integrates":[125],"defective-pixel":[127],"detection/correction":[128],"circuits":[129],"processes":[131],"694":[134],"frames":[135],"per":[136],"second,":[137],"according":[138],"post-layout":[140],"simulations.":[141],"Operating":[142],"frame":[145],"rate,":[146],"proposed":[148],"better":[155],"results":[156],"than":[157],"current":[158],"state-of-the-art":[159],"algorithms:":[160],"it":[161],"achieves":[162],"Peak":[164],"Signal":[165],"Noise":[167],"Ratio":[168],"(PSNR)":[169],"Image":[171],"Enhancement":[172],"Factor":[173],"(IEF)":[174],"45":[176],"dB":[177,193],"198.4,":[179],"respectively,":[180,198],"0.5%":[184],"random":[185,203],"pixels,":[187],"PSNR":[190],"44.4":[192],"IEF":[195],"194.2,":[197],"1.0%":[202],"pixels.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}