{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316038656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020929","title":"Can Hierarchical Transformers Learn Facial Geometry?","display_name":"Can Hierarchical Transformers Learn Facial Geometry?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316038656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020929","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36679725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/929/pdf?version=1673596344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/929/pdf?version=1673596344","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072766818","display_name":"Paul R. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-5190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010170772","display_name":"Nima Ebadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-2774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nima Ebadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059680425","display_name":"Arun Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-0523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA","Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-0523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013922720","display_name":"Mazal Bethany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-9806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazal Bethany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076318084","display_name":"Kevin Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2964-8981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2964-8981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017210698","display_name":"Peyman Najafirad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peyman Najafirad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA","Department of Information Systems, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076318084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3415,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55795977,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"929","last_page":"929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7060659527778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.64284747838974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5894920825958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5816041231155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.572782039642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5604777336120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4466076195240021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1175580620765686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7060659527778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.64284747838974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5894920825958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5816041231155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.572782039642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5604777336120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4466076195240021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1175580620765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005149","descriptor_name":"Facial Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/929/pdf?version=1673596344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36679725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36679725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9862876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9862876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2b71881bbe30426ba98df46db2fffa32","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2b71881bbe30426ba98df46db2fffa32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 2, p 929 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/2/929/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 2; Pages: 929","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020929","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/929/pdf?version=1673596344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5983984099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"70US0920D70090004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316038656.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1622838444","https://openalex.org/W1916406603","https://openalex.org/W1935685005","https://openalex.org/W1979576340","https://openalex.org/W1986830331","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2021373167","https://openalex.org/W2042192427","https://openalex.org/W2049730379","https://openalex.org/W2072273451","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2107634464","https://openalex.org/W2118373237","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2146566773","https://openalex.org/W2156119076","https://openalex.org/W2161877343","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2166672191","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2490049321","https://openalex.org/W2560535660","https://openalex.org/W2581686065","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2761974878","https://openalex.org/W2798583514","https://openalex.org/W2810229141","https://openalex.org/W2896277673","https://openalex.org/W2911605501","https://openalex.org/W2913399670","https://openalex.org/W2956066883","https://openalex.org/W2963112684","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963809521","https://openalex.org/W2964245886","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W2999711171","https://openalex.org/W3010381534","https://openalex.org/W3034594921","https://openalex.org/W3035263140","https://openalex.org/W3035303987","https://openalex.org/W3035436173","https://openalex.org/W3035494777","https://openalex.org/W3038930935","https://openalex.org/W3048932886","https://openalex.org/W3092462694","https://openalex.org/W3093232475","https://openalex.org/W3102988878","https://openalex.org/W3121127014","https://openalex.org/W3121523901","https://openalex.org/W3129329093","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3133696297","https://openalex.org/W3137574511","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3166942762","https://openalex.org/W3169129566","https://openalex.org/W3173581984","https://openalex.org/W3174508664","https://openalex.org/W3176193246","https://openalex.org/W3176241004","https://openalex.org/W3176561003","https://openalex.org/W3183943918","https://openalex.org/W3184571633","https://openalex.org/W3185372235","https://openalex.org/W3195286673","https://openalex.org/W3206263120","https://openalex.org/W3206662929","https://openalex.org/W3211237094","https://openalex.org/W4206941309","https://openalex.org/W4225678970","https://openalex.org/W4225966148","https://openalex.org/W4226057831","https://openalex.org/W4226252284","https://openalex.org/W4226291055","https://openalex.org/W4295833677","https://openalex.org/W4312753047","https://openalex.org/W4312836647","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6677350515","https://openalex.org/W6700903540","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6788174131","https://openalex.org/W6790690058","https://openalex.org/W6810521590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062195135","https://openalex.org/W2588198209","https://openalex.org/W1909006023","https://openalex.org/W3200723557","https://openalex.org/W4205824991","https://openalex.org/W4312713546","https://openalex.org/W2795079307","https://openalex.org/W2362195430","https://openalex.org/W2347494122","https://openalex.org/W2567983276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"faces":[1],"are":[2],"a":[3,34,41,67,72,76,95],"core":[4],"part":[5],"of":[6,29,36,53,58,74,79,87,113,140],"our":[7,88,141],"identity":[8],"and":[9,11,108,152,155],"expression,":[10],"thus,":[12],"understanding":[13],"facial":[14,38,80,100,105,129,148,157],"geometry":[15],"is":[16],"key":[17],"to":[18,26,97,143],"capturing":[19,54,75],"this":[20,30,62,92,122],"information.":[21],"Automated":[22],"systems":[23],"that":[24,43],"seek":[25],"make":[27],"use":[28],"information":[31],"must":[32],"have":[33,50],"way":[35,42],"modeling":[37,149],"features":[39],"in":[40,147],"makes":[44,121],"them":[45],"accessible.":[46],"Hierarchical,":[47],"multi-level":[48],"architectures":[49],"the":[51,55,85,138],"capability":[52],"different":[56],"resolutions":[57],"representation":[59,78,101,130],"involved.":[60],"In":[61],"work,":[63],"we":[64],"propose":[65],"using":[66,91],"hierarchical":[68],"transformer":[69,93],"architecture":[70,123],"as":[71,94],"means":[73],"robust":[77],"geometry.":[81],"We":[82,132],"further":[83],"demonstrate":[84],"versatility":[86],"approach":[89,142],"by":[90],"backbone":[96],"support":[98],"three":[99,164],"problems:":[102],"face":[103],"anti-spoofing,":[104],"expression":[106],"representation,":[107],"deepfake":[109],"detection.":[110],"The":[111],"combination":[112],"effective":[114],"fine-grained":[115],"details":[116],"alongside":[117],"global":[118],"attention":[119],"representations":[120],"an":[124],"excellent":[125],"candidate":[126],"for":[127],"these":[128],"problems.":[131],"conduct":[133],"numerous":[134],"experiments":[135],"first":[136],"showcasing":[137],"ability":[139],"address":[144],"common":[145],"issues":[146],"(pose,":[150],"occlusions,":[151],"background":[153],"variation)":[154],"capture":[156],"symmetry,":[158],"then":[159],"demonstrating":[160],"its":[161],"effectiveness":[162],"on":[163],"supplemental":[165],"tasks.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}