{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315701709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020903","title":"Low-Complexity Beamforming Design for a Cooperative Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Cell-Free Network","display_name":"Low-Complexity Beamforming Design for a Cooperative Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Cell-Free Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315701709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020903","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36679694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020903","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/903/pdf?version=1673520516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/903/pdf?version=1673520516","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079089967","display_name":"Muhammad Zain Siddiqi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-9295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zain Siddiqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016730019","display_name":"Aisha Munir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3876-7667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aisha Munir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3876-7667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001704713","display_name":"Syed Agha Hassnain Mohsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-4983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Agha Hassnain Mohsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Communications Laboratory, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-4983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Communications Laboratory, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114375526","display_name":"Shashi Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-7054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shashi Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-7054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056786431","display_name":"Sushank Chaudhary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1715-9689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushank Chaudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1715-9689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073661918","display_name":"Paramin Sangwongngam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14316845","display_name":"National Electronics and Computer Technology Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04z82ry91","country_code":"TH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332092204","https://openalex.org/I14316845"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paramin Sangwongngam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spectroscopic and Sensing Devices Research Group, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Bangkok 12120, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5097-6891","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spectroscopic and Sensing Devices Research Group, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Bangkok 12120, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14316845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081841607","display_name":"Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081841607"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69165861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"903","last_page":"903"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8832088708877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.8046274185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7294794917106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.688798189163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6599656343460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6268802285194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.568565309047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.4766334295272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4683230519294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4522864520549774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4205015301704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4135643541812897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3855987787246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34101009368896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31588560342788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20008710026741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16687631607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14212778210639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08380484580993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08365708589553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.06955587863922119}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8832088708877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.8046274185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7294794917106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.688798189163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6599656343460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6268802285194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.568565309047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.4766334295272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4683230519294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4522864520549774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4205015301704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4135643541812897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3855987787246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34101009368896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31588560342788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20008710026741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16687631607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14212778210639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08380484580993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08365708589553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.06955587863922119}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020903","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/903/pdf?version=1673520516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36679694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36679694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9860724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9860724","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9860724/pdf/sensors-23-00903.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be43e515dbd74f1e8a3d2683cc028ddf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be43e515dbd74f1e8a3d2683cc028ddf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 2, p 903 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/2/903/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 2; Pages: 903","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23020903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020903","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/903/pdf?version=1673520516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321557","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329659","display_name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315701709.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013491227","https://openalex.org/W2034714578","https://openalex.org/W2149164057","https://openalex.org/W2149258241","https://openalex.org/W2289191545","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2936465177","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2950680381","https://openalex.org/W2964076076","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2996313530","https://openalex.org/W2996961035","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3006999899","https://openalex.org/W3007159123","https://openalex.org/W3021225717","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3136003212","https://openalex.org/W3180206688","https://openalex.org/W3185977075","https://openalex.org/W3197291480","https://openalex.org/W3197682013","https://openalex.org/W4206498489","https://openalex.org/W4285308921","https://openalex.org/W6774298950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288714711","https://openalex.org/W3200708550","https://openalex.org/W2771637876","https://openalex.org/W2736680465","https://openalex.org/W4294093918","https://openalex.org/W4240853094","https://openalex.org/W2149569983","https://openalex.org/W1989270073","https://openalex.org/W2122807322","https://openalex.org/W4380894509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"(CF)":[1],"networks":[2,33],"are":[3,54,77,125],"proposed":[4,120,154],"to":[5,56,71,84,106,143],"suppress":[6],"the":[7,66,85,108,112,119,128,140,145,158,161,166],"interference":[8],"among":[9],"collocated":[10],"cells":[11],"by":[12],"deploying":[13],"several":[14,22,123],"BSs":[15],"without":[16],"cell":[17],"boundaries.":[18],"Nevertheless,":[19],"as":[20],"installing":[21],"base":[23],"stations":[24],"(BSs)":[25],"may":[26],"require":[27],"high":[28,81],"power":[29],"consumption,":[30],"cooperative":[31,47,113],"CF":[32,115],"integrated":[34],"with":[35],"a":[36,96,175],"reconfigurable":[37],"intelligent":[38],"surface":[39],"(RIS)/metasurface":[40],"can":[41,156],"avoid":[42],"this":[43,89,92],"problem.":[44],"In":[45,118],"such":[46],"RIS-aided":[48,114],"MIMO":[49,116],"networks,":[50],"efficient":[51,98],"beamforming":[52,69],"schemes":[53,70],"essential":[55],"boost":[57],"their":[58],"spectral":[59,73,109,170],"and":[60,74,79,171],"energy":[61,75,172],"efficiency.":[62],"However,":[63],"most":[64],"of":[65,111,130,160],"existing":[67,162],"available":[68],"maximize":[72],"efficiency":[76,110],"complex":[78],"entail":[80],"complexity":[82],"due":[83],"matrix":[86],"inversions.":[87],"To":[88],"end,":[90],"in":[91,135],"work":[93],"we":[94],"present":[95],"computationally":[97],"stochastic":[99],"optimization-based":[100],"particle":[101],"swarm":[102,132],"optimization":[103],"(PSO)":[104],"algorithm":[105],"amplify":[107],"system.":[117],"PSO":[121],"algorithm,":[122],"swarms":[124],"generated,":[126],"while":[127],"direction":[129],"each":[131,136],"is":[133],"tuned":[134],"iteration":[137],"based":[138],"on":[139],"sum-rate":[141],"performance":[142,159,167],"obtain":[144],"best":[146],"solution.":[147],"Our":[148],"simulation":[149],"results":[150],"show":[151],"that":[152],"our":[153],"scheme":[155],"approximate":[157],"solutions":[163],"for":[164],"both":[165],"metrics,":[168],"i.e.,":[169],"efficiency,":[173],"at":[174],"very":[176],"low":[177],"complexity.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}