{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313518569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010509","title":"MTF Measurement by Slanted-Edge Method Based on Improved Zernike Moments","display_name":"MTF Measurement by Slanted-Edge Method Based on Improved Zernike Moments","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313518569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010509","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36617108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010509","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/509/pdf?version=1672662063","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/509/pdf?version=1672662063","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450384","display_name":"Shuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7030-4742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437480","display_name":"Fengyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-9928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fengyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-9928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000725118","display_name":"Xiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-3159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019274515","display_name":"Kangzhe Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangzhe Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100437480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":20.0401,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99027156,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"509","last_page":"509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zernike-polynomials","display_name":"Zernike polynomials","score":0.8028156757354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-transfer-function","display_name":"Optical transfer function","score":0.5849788784980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.5549837350845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5032574534416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hough-transform","display_name":"Hough transform","score":0.48290538787841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45760253071784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4435039162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4322492182254791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4254884421825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41818472743034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39211973547935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.30669939517974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.28681355714797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12395969033241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11311396956443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavefront","display_name":"Wavefront","score":0.10115912556648254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92423082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132146","display_name":"Zernike polynomials","level":3,"score":0.8028156757354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175231954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1942321","display_name":"Optical transfer function","level":2,"score":0.5849788784980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.5549837350845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5032574534416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200518788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195076","display_name":"Hough transform","level":3,"score":0.48290538787841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45760253071784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4435039162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4322492182254791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4254884421825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41818472743034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39211973547935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.30669939517974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.28681355714797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12395969033241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11311396956443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.10115912556648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010509","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/509/pdf?version=1672662063","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36617108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36617108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9823301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9823301","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9823301/pdf/sensors-23-00509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cddce8cabfaf4426afae848fda76fac6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cddce8cabfaf4426afae848fda76fac6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 1, p 509 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/1/509/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 1; Pages: 509","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010509","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/509/pdf?version=1672662063","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1458948393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41820104001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5892005247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8673423423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42077242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313518569.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603516290","https://openalex.org/W1963636347","https://openalex.org/W1983272054","https://openalex.org/W1992771571","https://openalex.org/W2008449160","https://openalex.org/W2029558746","https://openalex.org/W2048665746","https://openalex.org/W2049047570","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2136506125","https://openalex.org/W2156953558","https://openalex.org/W2164228132","https://openalex.org/W2249269486","https://openalex.org/W2314532101","https://openalex.org/W2369242910","https://openalex.org/W2372485308","https://openalex.org/W2375702896","https://openalex.org/W2384754674","https://openalex.org/W2527972084","https://openalex.org/W2570364454","https://openalex.org/W2588955600","https://openalex.org/W2789104702","https://openalex.org/W2893692431","https://openalex.org/W2909929587","https://openalex.org/W2927120057","https://openalex.org/W2955018724","https://openalex.org/W2972477808","https://openalex.org/W2989675092","https://openalex.org/W3025592463","https://openalex.org/W3112891795","https://openalex.org/W3163072266","https://openalex.org/W3172955027","https://openalex.org/W3203045233","https://openalex.org/W3217649298","https://openalex.org/W4206060343","https://openalex.org/W4226023242","https://openalex.org/W4250489581","https://openalex.org/W4280571727","https://openalex.org/W4282827260","https://openalex.org/W4282982384","https://openalex.org/W4288040480","https://openalex.org/W4295795783","https://openalex.org/W4298110860","https://openalex.org/W4385518770","https://openalex.org/W6681105936","https://openalex.org/W6767766146","https://openalex.org/W7010425200","https://openalex.org/W7057154762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355177902","https://openalex.org/W2028037572","https://openalex.org/W2315652488","https://openalex.org/W2039365229","https://openalex.org/W2145843506","https://openalex.org/W2379089757","https://openalex.org/W2056407677","https://openalex.org/W4293054829","https://openalex.org/W1999737656","https://openalex.org/W2128085731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,162],"modulation":[1],"transfer":[2],"function":[3],"(MTF)":[4],"is":[5,24,138],"an":[6],"important":[7],"parameter":[8],"for":[9,30,82],"performance":[10],"evaluation":[11],"of":[12,26,37,47,57,134,143,153,189,198],"optical":[13],"imaging":[14],"systems":[15],"in":[16],"photogrammetry":[17],"and":[18,49,109,112,121,128,146,149,158,175,191,193],"remote":[19],"sensing;":[20],"the":[21,27,35,45,72,78,89,132,135,141,150,181,186,196],"slanted-edge":[22,62,144],"method":[23,56,63,174],"one":[25],"main":[28],"methods":[29,43],"measuring":[31],"MTF.":[32],"To":[33],"solve":[34],"problem":[36],"inaccurate":[38],"edge":[39,84,90,96,154,183],"detection":[40,85,155,184],"by":[41,117,140],"traditional":[42],"under":[44],"conditions":[46],"noise":[48,157,190],"blur,":[50],"this":[51,178],"paper":[52],"proposes":[53],"a":[54,61],"new":[55],"MTF":[58,116,147,199],"measurement":[59],"with":[60,167],"based":[64],"on":[65,125],"improved":[66],"Zernike":[67,79],"moments,":[68],"which":[69],"firstly":[70],"introduces":[71],"Otsu":[73],"algorithm":[74,137,179],"to":[75,86,156],"automatically":[76],"determine":[77],"moment":[80],"threshold":[81],"sub-pixel":[83],"precisely":[87],"locate":[88],"points,":[91],"then":[92],"obtains":[93],"LSF":[94,118],"through":[95],"point":[97,101],"projection,":[98],"ESF":[99,106],"sampling":[100],"acquisition,":[102],"smoothing,":[103],"fitting,":[104,111],"taking":[105],"curve":[107],"differential":[108],"Gaussian":[110],"finally,":[113],"accurately":[114],"obtaining":[115],"Fourier":[119],"transform":[120,173],"modulo":[122],"normalization.":[123],"Based":[124],"simulation":[126],"experiments":[127],"outdoor":[129],"target":[130],"experiments,":[131],"reliability":[133],"proposed":[136],"verified":[139],"deviations":[142],"angle":[145],"measurement,":[148],"tolerance":[151,188],"degree":[152],"ambiguity":[159],"are":[160],"analyzed.":[161],"results":[163],"show":[164],"that":[165],"compared":[166],"ISO":[168],"12233,":[169],"OMNI-sine":[170],"method,":[171,177],"Hough":[172],"LSD":[176],"has":[180],"highest":[182],"accuracy,":[185],"maximum":[187],"ambiguity,":[192],"also":[194],"improves":[195],"accuracy":[197],"measurement.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
