{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313471462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010412","title":"Weight Adaptive Path Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles Based on PSO-BP Neural Network","display_name":"Weight Adaptive Path Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles Based on PSO-BP Neural Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313471462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010412","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36617012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/412/pdf?version=1672396351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/412/pdf?version=1672396351","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025345003","display_name":"Xianzhi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8887-4789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianzhi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment, School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment, School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002064974","display_name":"Longfei Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longfei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment, School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment, School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408180","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1530-080X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment, School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1530-080X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment, School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050910717","display_name":"Anqi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-6575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anqi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment, School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-6575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment, School of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100408180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84212889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"412","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carsim","display_name":"CarSim","score":0.8260233402252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6729373335838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6521105170249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.5659590363502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5509167313575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.4834626615047455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.47674405574798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4716835618019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.46572157740592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-dynamics","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","score":0.4299900531768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4114050567150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2633960247039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1774601936340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.12364643812179565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037194","display_name":"CarSim","level":3,"score":0.8260233402252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6729373335838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6521105170249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.5659590363502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5509167313575745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4834626615047455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.47674405574798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4716835618019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.46572157740592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4299900531768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4114050567150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2633960247039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1774601936340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.12364643812179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000064","descriptor_name":"Acclimatization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000064","descriptor_name":"Acclimatization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000064","descriptor_name":"Acclimatization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088684","descriptor_name":"Autonomous Vehicles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088684","descriptor_name":"Autonomous Vehicles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088684","descriptor_name":"Autonomous Vehicles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/412/pdf?version=1672396351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36617012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36617012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1675eea1c3f34377b1dc675eecb3c77d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1675eea1c3f34377b1dc675eecb3c77d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 1, p 412 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/1/412/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 1; Pages: 412","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9823710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9823710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/412/pdf?version=1672396351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4772487491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51505414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7160178332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZD2019063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313471462.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006875897","https://openalex.org/W2021719824","https://openalex.org/W2028983002","https://openalex.org/W2124770562","https://openalex.org/W2339748570","https://openalex.org/W2346511985","https://openalex.org/W2740470092","https://openalex.org/W2780107358","https://openalex.org/W2793611744","https://openalex.org/W2800773442","https://openalex.org/W2803752109","https://openalex.org/W2806748090","https://openalex.org/W2891356757","https://openalex.org/W2902212756","https://openalex.org/W2909668839","https://openalex.org/W2910451245","https://openalex.org/W2913416895","https://openalex.org/W2926065969","https://openalex.org/W2963086459","https://openalex.org/W2980780663","https://openalex.org/W2997017675","https://openalex.org/W3014955239","https://openalex.org/W3025387327","https://openalex.org/W3039962053","https://openalex.org/W3047772261","https://openalex.org/W3086993768","https://openalex.org/W3115050275","https://openalex.org/W3122467655","https://openalex.org/W3132690190","https://openalex.org/W3143815313","https://openalex.org/W3162492074","https://openalex.org/W3182636718","https://openalex.org/W3205100421","https://openalex.org/W4200450134","https://openalex.org/W4211180472","https://openalex.org/W4293812004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009041800","https://openalex.org/W2007435079","https://openalex.org/W1604153366","https://openalex.org/W2947930695","https://openalex.org/W2101236138","https://openalex.org/W2030858475","https://openalex.org/W2157109087","https://openalex.org/W2972899592","https://openalex.org/W1985802331","https://openalex.org/W4312227352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,54,72,79],"improve":[3],"the":[4,50,59,74,90,97,108,126,131,140],"tracking":[5,57,103,136],"adaptability":[6],"of":[7,35,52,83,89],"autonomous":[8,121],"vehicles":[9],"under":[10,62],"different":[11,63],"vehicle":[12,122],"speeds":[13],"and":[14,42,125,146],"road":[15],"curvature,":[16],"this":[17],"paper":[18],"develops":[19],"a":[20,36],"weight":[21,45,61],"adaptive":[22,46,98,132],"model":[23,38],"prediction":[24,39],"control":[25,99,114,133,145],"system":[26,100],"(AMPC)":[27],"based":[28],"on":[29,49,119],"PSO-BP":[30,75],"neural":[31,76],"network,":[32],"which":[33],"consists":[34],"dynamics-based":[37],"controller":[40],"(MPC)":[41],"an":[43,120],"optimal":[44,60],"regulator.":[47],"Based":[48],"application":[51],"MPC":[53,84,111],"achieve":[55,80],"high-precision":[56],"control,":[58],"operating":[64],"conditions":[65],"obtained":[66],"by":[67],"automated":[68],"simulation":[69,93],"is":[70],"used":[71],"train":[73],"network":[77],"offline":[78],"online":[81],"adjustment":[82],"weight.":[85],"The":[86,113],"validation":[87],"results":[88,128],"Prescan-Carsim-Simulink":[91],"joint":[92],"platform":[94],"show":[95],"that":[96,130],"has":[101],"better":[102],"adaptation":[104],"capability":[105],"compared":[106],"with":[107],"original":[109],"classical":[110],"control.":[112],"strategy":[115,134],"was":[116],"also":[117],"verified":[118],"test":[123,127],"platform,":[124],"showed":[129],"improved":[135],"accuracy":[137],"while":[138],"meeting":[139],"vehicle's":[141],"requirements":[142],"for":[143],"real-time":[144],"lateral":[147],"stability.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
