{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313361949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010396","title":"Bolt Positioning Detection Based on Improved YOLOv5 for Bridge Structural Health Monitoring","display_name":"Bolt Positioning Detection Based on Improved YOLOv5 for Bridge Structural Health Monitoring","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313361949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010396","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36616994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010396","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/396/pdf?version=1672385974","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/396/pdf?version=1672385974","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090626341","display_name":"Diyong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-5033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diyong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-5033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114526257","display_name":"Meixia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2576-5697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meixia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2576-5697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001811714","display_name":"Danjie Sheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danjie Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624434","display_name":"Weiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2660-5492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2660-5492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114526257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.268,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77486605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"396","last_page":"396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.8072384595870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","score":0.7275769710540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6321078538894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6179977059364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47353217005729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44664862751960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42717245221138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.42337656021118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-monitoring","display_name":"Safety monitoring","score":0.41720402240753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.395255446434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35298439860343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.3490638732910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.290532648563385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.8072384595870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.7275769710540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6321078538894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6179977059364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47353217005729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44664862751960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42717245221138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42337656021118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777488183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6900510","display_name":"Safety monitoring","level":2,"score":0.41720402240753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.395255446434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35298439860343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3490638732910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.290532648563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010396","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/396/pdf?version=1672385974","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36616994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36616994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3bed086a16c94cb99e26e7c93e4e7668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3bed086a16c94cb99e26e7c93e4e7668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 1, p 396 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/1/396/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 1; Pages: 396","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9824450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9824450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010396","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/396/pdf?version=1672385974","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313361949.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313361949.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1948751323","https://openalex.org/W2004077185","https://openalex.org/W2012437260","https://openalex.org/W2088169653","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2546715677","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2607366190","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2905349537","https://openalex.org/W2916106717","https://openalex.org/W2924913851","https://openalex.org/W2946141567","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2999695716","https://openalex.org/W3040953291","https://openalex.org/W3044248863","https://openalex.org/W3045530378","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3176062675","https://openalex.org/W3195454400","https://openalex.org/W4210876998","https://openalex.org/W4213446758","https://openalex.org/W4226410472","https://openalex.org/W4285019740","https://openalex.org/W4291415528","https://openalex.org/W4311167096","https://openalex.org/W6683411478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501776718","https://openalex.org/W2615136228","https://openalex.org/W657108774","https://openalex.org/W2390192952","https://openalex.org/W2373296418","https://openalex.org/W3213254966","https://openalex.org/W2377265617","https://openalex.org/W4386041242","https://openalex.org/W2092610997","https://openalex.org/W2736975725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"improve":[1,147],"the":[2,5,12,16,20,71,77,83,95,106,111,116,119,129,132,148,177,181,190,194,202,217],"stability":[3],"of":[4,19,75,82,99,115,123,131,135,140,153,161,193],"bridge":[6,13,21,58,162],"structure,":[7],"we":[8,46,146,157],"detect":[9],"bolts":[10,26,163],"in":[11,33,102,180],"which":[14,210],"cause":[15],"symmetry":[17],"failure":[18],"center.":[22],"For":[23],"data":[24],"acquisition,":[25],"are":[27,87,211],"small-scale":[28],"objects":[29],"under":[30],"complex":[31],"background":[32],"images,":[34],"and":[35,79,118,137,151,167,175,201,213],"their":[36],"feature":[37],"expression":[38],"ability":[39],"is":[40,197,206],"limited.":[41],"Due":[42],"to":[43,70,93,127,199,208],"those":[44],"questions,":[45],"propose":[47],"a":[48,159],"new":[49,178],"bolt":[50,154,183],"positioning":[51],"detection":[52,149],"based":[53],"on":[54],"improved":[55,195],"YOLOv5":[56],"for":[57],"structural":[59],"health":[60],"monitoring.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"makes":[64],"three":[65,124],"major":[66],"contributions.":[67],"Firstly,":[68],"according":[69],"calibration":[72],"anchor":[73,85,100],"boxes":[74,86,101],"bolts,":[76],"size":[78],"proportion":[80],"parameters":[81],"initial":[84,96],"optimized":[88],"by":[89],"K-means++":[90],"clustering":[91,97],"algorithm":[92],"solve":[94,128],"problem":[98,130],"object":[103],"detection.":[104,155],"Second,":[105],"hypercolumn":[107],"(HC)":[108],"technique":[109],"fuses":[110],"low-level":[112],"global":[113],"features":[114,122],"trunk":[117],"high-level":[120],"local":[121],"different":[125],"scales":[126],"inefficient":[133],"distribution":[134],"anchors":[136],"insufficient":[138],"extraction":[139],"classification":[141],"features.":[142],"In":[143],"this":[144],"way,":[145],"accuracy":[150],"speed":[152],"Finally,":[156],"establish":[158],"dataset":[160],"through":[164],"network":[165],"collection":[166],"public":[168],"datasets,":[169],"including":[170],"1494":[171],"images.":[172],"We":[173],"compare":[174],"verify":[176],"method":[179],"collected":[182],"dataset.":[184],"The":[185],"experimental":[186],"results":[187],"show":[188],"that":[189],"precision":[191,204],"(P)":[192],"YOLOv5x":[196],"up":[198,207],"87.3%,":[200],"average":[203],"(AP)":[205],"86.3%,":[209],"6.5%":[212],"5.9%":[214],"higher":[215],"than":[216],"original":[218],"YOLOv5x,":[219],"respectively.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}