{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313360631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010372","title":"High-Sensitivity Liquid Dielectric Characterization Differential Sensor by 1-Bit Coding DGS","display_name":"High-Sensitivity Liquid Dielectric Characterization Differential Sensor by 1-Bit Coding DGS","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313360631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010372","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36616970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010372","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/372/pdf?version=1672318892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/372/pdf?version=1672318892","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091535834","display_name":"Bingfang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-2886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingfang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-2886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612875","display_name":"Zhiqiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-1147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390469","display_name":"Cong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-0309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-0309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075224120","display_name":"Luqman Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-8232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luqman Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112859953","display_name":"Azeem Muhammad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azeem Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400488","display_name":"Fan\u2010Yi Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-9520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanyi Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063947640","display_name":"Cheng Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-3111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085020645","display_name":"Xumin Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-790X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xumin Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-790X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034728226","display_name":"Kishor Kumar Adhikari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-2589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kishor Kumar Adhikari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101650280","display_name":"Qun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9144-048X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100390469","https://openalex.org/A5100612875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5542,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65010571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"372","last_page":"372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.75185227394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.6847760081291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.620472252368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5711163878440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5676831603050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5227054357528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5138192772865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.46085208654403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"Differential evolution","score":0.4383176863193512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4129006862640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4061441421508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.3503417372703552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24777424335479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23256909847259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17088329792022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.16478732228279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.16098463535308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09489935636520386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.75185227394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.6847760081291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.620472252368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5711163878440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5676831603050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5227054357528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5138192772865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.46085208654403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.4383176863193512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4129006862640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4061441421508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3503417372703552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24777424335479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23256909847259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17088329792022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16478732228279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.16098463535308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09489935636520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010372","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/372/pdf?version=1672318892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36616970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36616970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22908bd40df3402d8ec53021e7d0722f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22908bd40df3402d8ec53021e7d0722f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 1, p 372 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/1/372/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 1; Pages: 372","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9823319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9823319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010372","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/372/pdf?version=1672318892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1569366644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1591578643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3370872292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFF0603500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5203449645","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.U22A2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6219534531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.61971160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6361459751","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.61971160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7025453385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2021YFF0603500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7485813142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2021YFF0603500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8621789544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.U22A2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313360631.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313360631.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067890248","https://openalex.org/W2074438516","https://openalex.org/W2082999677","https://openalex.org/W2157195367","https://openalex.org/W2505908204","https://openalex.org/W2510802061","https://openalex.org/W2616249061","https://openalex.org/W2751632613","https://openalex.org/W2765173683","https://openalex.org/W2884366127","https://openalex.org/W2889065084","https://openalex.org/W2889679641","https://openalex.org/W2895018648","https://openalex.org/W2900121993","https://openalex.org/W2900302013","https://openalex.org/W2907147781","https://openalex.org/W2907543934","https://openalex.org/W2908261862","https://openalex.org/W2963908869","https://openalex.org/W2964764143","https://openalex.org/W2968571433","https://openalex.org/W2969463398","https://openalex.org/W2998861140","https://openalex.org/W3000539106","https://openalex.org/W3006601325","https://openalex.org/W3006626352","https://openalex.org/W3034116087","https://openalex.org/W3037544437","https://openalex.org/W3037850654","https://openalex.org/W3086160648","https://openalex.org/W3088720743","https://openalex.org/W3089264331","https://openalex.org/W3138908043","https://openalex.org/W3160833369","https://openalex.org/W3165427580","https://openalex.org/W3176606222","https://openalex.org/W4250863246","https://openalex.org/W4292862166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061413604","https://openalex.org/W2334225663","https://openalex.org/W2378757965","https://openalex.org/W1549119392","https://openalex.org/W4224903346","https://openalex.org/W2911764982","https://openalex.org/W2023892470","https://openalex.org/W2387373248","https://openalex.org/W2412433331","https://openalex.org/W1593262897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"two":[3,65],"devices":[4],"to":[5,16,49,80,83],"detect":[6],"the":[7,18,35,38,41,51,54,61,64,69,93,104],"liquid":[8,121],"dielectric":[9,122],"characterization.":[10,123],"The":[11,89],"differential":[12],"method":[13],"was":[14,32,47,58,73],"used":[15,79],"enhance":[17,50],"robustness":[19],"and":[20,34,113],"reduce":[21],"tolerance.":[22],"A":[23],"basic":[24,105],"sensor":[25,115],"based":[26],"on":[27],"defected":[28],"ground":[29],"structure":[30],"(DGS)":[31],"designed":[33],"optimization":[36],"for":[37,120],"squares":[39],"of":[40,53,63,87,95],"DGS":[42],"via":[43],"adaptive":[44],"genetic":[45],"algorithm":[46],"applied":[48],"performance":[52],"microwave":[55],"sensor,":[56],"which":[57,97],"shown":[59],"by":[60],"difference":[62],"resonant":[66],"frequencies.":[67],"Furthermore,":[68],"electric":[70],"field":[71],"distribution":[72],"enhanced.":[74],"Glass":[75],"microcapillary":[76],"tubes":[77],"were":[78],"hold":[81],"samples":[82],"provide":[84],"an":[85],"environment":[86],"non-invasive.":[88],"optimized":[90],"device":[91],"exhibited":[92],"sensitivity":[94],"0.076,":[96],"is":[98],"more":[99],"than":[100,103],"1.52":[101],"times":[102],"structure.":[106],"It":[107],"could":[108],"be":[109],"considered":[110],"a":[111],"sensitive":[112],"robust":[114],"with":[116],"quick":[117],"response":[118],"time":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}