{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313435185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010002","title":"Light-Weight Deep Learning Techniques with Advanced Processing for Real-Time Hand Gesture Recognition","display_name":"Light-Weight Deep Learning Techniques with Advanced Processing for Real-Time Hand Gesture Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313435185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010002","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36616601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/2/pdf?version=1672918049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/2/pdf?version=1672918049","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087657491","display_name":"Mohamed S. Abdallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7351-625X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156128","display_name":"Electronics Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0532wcf75","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094263","https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]}],"countries":["EG","KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed S. Abdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea","Informatics Department, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), Cairo 11843, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Department, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), Cairo 11843, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029977969","display_name":"Gerges H. Samaan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6885-4315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerges H. Samaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Helwan 11731, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Helwan 11731, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077251763","display_name":"Abanoub R. Wadie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-4135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abanoub R. Wadie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Helwan 11731, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Helwan 11731, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017599793","display_name":"Fazliddin Makhmudov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazliddin Makhmudov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023896107","display_name":"Young Im Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young-Im Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023896107","https://openalex.org/A5087657491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649","https://openalex.org/I4210156128"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.8605,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92359551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7938239574432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.7708348035812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-subscriber-line","display_name":"Digital subscriber line","score":0.6780047416687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6626080274581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.636757493019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5988476872444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5807349681854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-sign-language","display_name":"American Sign Language","score":0.5060796141624451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.4142375886440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.369031697511673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3533048629760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3430134654045105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7938239574432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.7708348035812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201374245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104534","display_name":"Digital subscriber line","level":2,"score":0.6780047416687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6626080274581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.636757493019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5988476872444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5807349681854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776737515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14759","display_name":"American Sign Language","level":3,"score":0.5060796141624451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4142375886440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.369031697511673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3533048629760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3430134654045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/2/pdf?version=1672918049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36616601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36616601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e99412713e24328ac16af4f7eb63feb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e99412713e24328ac16af4f7eb63feb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 1, p 2 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/23/1/2/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 23; Issue 1; Pages: 2","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9823561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9823561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s23010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/2/pdf?version=1672918049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313435185.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313435185.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W245430726","https://openalex.org/W581810680","https://openalex.org/W1599510591","https://openalex.org/W2170936593","https://openalex.org/W2342090483","https://openalex.org/W2376579142","https://openalex.org/W2471695703","https://openalex.org/W2518448700","https://openalex.org/W2530631923","https://openalex.org/W2607014458","https://openalex.org/W2613021873","https://openalex.org/W2743239999","https://openalex.org/W2746301562","https://openalex.org/W2783892510","https://openalex.org/W2783942756","https://openalex.org/W2789876780","https://openalex.org/W2792183839","https://openalex.org/W2807840688","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2895488603","https://openalex.org/W2904518066","https://openalex.org/W2921243003","https://openalex.org/W2972355358","https://openalex.org/W2993015045","https://openalex.org/W2995336103","https://openalex.org/W3014321973","https://openalex.org/W3046952127","https://openalex.org/W3097629168","https://openalex.org/W3133466908","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3160307566","https://openalex.org/W3211281790","https://openalex.org/W4207004259","https://openalex.org/W4303685277","https://openalex.org/W6737497126","https://openalex.org/W6782877981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308478915","https://openalex.org/W4389049376","https://openalex.org/W2893683540","https://openalex.org/W1986488374","https://openalex.org/W3040456104","https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W2064351213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,55,114],"the":[1,31,84,103,106,111,117,126,148,158,163,178,181,187,190,195,199,205,229,236,242,246,273],"discipline":[2],"of":[3,22,33,57,125,143,160,180,189,194,241,267],"hand":[4],"gesture":[5],"and":[6,18,44,89,105,137,168,174,192,214,232,256,270,276],"dynamic":[7,71,252],"sign":[8,34,72,212],"language":[9,35,73],"recognition,":[10],"deep":[11,63,100],"learning":[12,101],"approaches":[13],"with":[14,41,66,110,153,227],"high":[15],"computational":[16],"complexity":[17],"a":[19,79,208],"wide":[20],"range":[21],"parameters":[23],"have":[24],"been":[25],"an":[26,265],"extremely":[27,254],"remarkable":[28],"success.":[29],"However,":[30],"implementation":[32],"recognition":[36,74],"applications":[37],"for":[38,69,234],"mobile":[39],"phones":[40],"restricted":[42],"storage":[43],"computing":[45],"capacities":[46],"is":[47,151],"usually":[48],"greatly":[49],"constrained":[50],"by":[51],"those":[52],"limited":[53],"resources.":[54],"light":[56],"this":[58,115],"situation,":[59],"we":[60],"suggest":[61],"lightweight":[62],"neural":[64],"networks":[65],"advanced":[67,120],"processing":[68,186],"real-time":[70,131,260],"(DSLR).":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"presents":[78],"DSLR":[80,93,127,263],"application":[81,94],"to":[82,122,156,172,197],"minimize":[83],"gap":[85],"between":[86],"hearing-impaired":[87],"communities":[88],"regular":[90],"society.":[91],"The":[92,139,239,262],"was":[95],"developed":[96],"using":[97],"two":[98],"robust":[99],"models,":[102],"GRU":[104],"1D":[107],"CNN,":[108],"combined":[109],"MediaPipe":[112,164],"framework.":[113],"paper,":[116],"authors":[118,206],"implement":[119],"processes":[121],"solve":[123],"most":[124],"problems,":[128],"especially":[129],"in":[130,135,259],"detection,":[132],"e.g.,":[133],"differences":[134],"depth":[136,191],"location.":[138],"solution":[140,248],"method":[141,249],"consists":[142],"three":[144],"main":[145],"parts.":[146],"First,":[147],"input":[149],"dataset":[150,213],"preprocessed":[152],"our":[154],"algorithm":[155],"standardize":[157],"number":[159],"frames.":[161],"Then,":[162],"framework":[165],"extracts":[166],"hands":[167],"poses":[169],"landmarks":[170],"(features)":[171],"detect":[173],"locate":[175],"them.":[176],"Finally,":[177],"features":[179],"models":[182],"are":[183],"passed":[184],"after":[185],"unification":[188],"location":[193],"body":[196],"recognize":[198,251],"DSL":[200],"accurately.":[201],"To":[202],"accomplish":[203],"this,":[204],"built":[207],"new":[209,237],"American":[210],"video-based":[211],"named":[215],"it":[216],"DSL-46.":[217],"DSL-46":[218],"contains":[219],"46":[220],"daily":[221],"used":[222],"signs":[223,253],"that":[224,245],"were":[225],"presented":[226,247],"all":[228],"needed":[230],"details":[231],"properties":[233],"recording":[235],"dataset.":[238],"results":[240],"experiments":[243],"show":[244],"can":[250],"fast":[255],"accurately,":[257],"even":[258],"detection.":[261],"reaches":[264],"accuracy":[266],"98.8%,":[268],"99.84%,":[269],"88.40%":[271],"on":[272],"DSL-46,":[274],"LSA64,":[275],"LIBRAS-BSL":[277],"datasets,":[278],"respectively.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}