{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312127101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249731","title":"A Dual Cluster-Head Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Canopy Optimization and K-Means for WSN","display_name":"A Dual Cluster-Head Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm Based on Canopy Optimization and K-Means for WSN","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312127101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249731","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36560099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9731/pdf?version=1670844486","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9731/pdf?version=1670844486","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014027950","display_name":"Mei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-9432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91125648","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-9432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035591572","display_name":"Zhengliang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-8462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91125648","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengliang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-8462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021591185","display_name":"Jing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9929-5846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91125648","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Physics, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9929-5846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Physics, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074683769","display_name":"Qiusha Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-4613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiusha Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Information Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Information Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089404454","display_name":"Tao L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-2012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91125648","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-2012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021591185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.5091,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92976995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"24","first_page":"9731","last_page":"9731"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7249672412872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7221634387969971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7171805500984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5848034024238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5459274053573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5308312773704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.48686733841896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4505945146083832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43520283699035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.39636683464050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.384090393781662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32095181941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17934605479240417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0921192467212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08478990197181702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7249672412872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7221634387969971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7171805500984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5848034024238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5459274053573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5308312773704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.48686733841896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4505945146083832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43520283699035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.39636683464050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.384090393781662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32095181941986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17934605479240417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0921192467212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08478990197181702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055585","descriptor_name":"Physical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055585","descriptor_name":"Physical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055585","descriptor_name":"Physical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9731/pdf?version=1670844486","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36560099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36560099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9784440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9784440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3bc3b50b7d8b4179acf6d199bb180a7d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3bc3b50b7d8b4179acf6d199bb180a7d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 24, p 9731 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/24/9731/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 24; Pages: 9731","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9731/pdf?version=1670844486","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2360128717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K201843","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2972770148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D20211503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4411167356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22YJC910007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5515591213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62007011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6389394248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20201049001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8105153438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B2022056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G817258035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20QD48","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313620","display_name":"Hubei Provincial Department of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05yaa9j15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325438","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312127101.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312127101.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510016331","https://openalex.org/W1647191431","https://openalex.org/W1942543699","https://openalex.org/W2013593631","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2188635464","https://openalex.org/W2293710996","https://openalex.org/W2402711710","https://openalex.org/W2438270596","https://openalex.org/W2579664801","https://openalex.org/W2740637875","https://openalex.org/W2752738731","https://openalex.org/W2799202159","https://openalex.org/W2899261376","https://openalex.org/W2942105643","https://openalex.org/W2970506519","https://openalex.org/W2980751783","https://openalex.org/W2989947956","https://openalex.org/W2997024708","https://openalex.org/W3004590599","https://openalex.org/W3009494886","https://openalex.org/W3014454221","https://openalex.org/W3020135647","https://openalex.org/W3037548506","https://openalex.org/W3049515777","https://openalex.org/W3084373992","https://openalex.org/W3093369472","https://openalex.org/W3115124064","https://openalex.org/W3133898849","https://openalex.org/W3174478290","https://openalex.org/W3198231723","https://openalex.org/W3203443166","https://openalex.org/W4205392115","https://openalex.org/W4206088785","https://openalex.org/W4210456247","https://openalex.org/W4220663127","https://openalex.org/W4226296533","https://openalex.org/W4248933256","https://openalex.org/W4289535451","https://openalex.org/W4291825647","https://openalex.org/W6742059470","https://openalex.org/W6775309718","https://openalex.org/W6790777786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2500106866","https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W2989915292","https://openalex.org/W2890570089","https://openalex.org/W2073793005","https://openalex.org/W2952407405","https://openalex.org/W3148968234","https://openalex.org/W145760256","https://openalex.org/W2111773953","https://openalex.org/W2545824446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensor":[1],"networks":[2],"(WSN)":[3],"are":[4,29,34],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,37],"various":[8],"applications,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"environmental":[12],"monitoring,":[13],"healthcare,":[14],"event":[15],"detection,":[16],"agriculture,":[17],"disaster":[18],"management,":[19],"and":[20,33,58,85,111,129,146,168,189],"so":[21],"on.":[22],"Due":[23],"to":[24,51,66,95,124,152,174],"their":[25],"small":[26],"size,":[27],"sensors":[28,57],"limited":[30],"power":[31],"sources":[32],"often":[35],"deployed":[36],"special":[38],"environments":[39],"where":[40],"frequent":[41],"battery":[42],"replacement":[43],"is":[44,49,69,81,93,137,159],"not":[45],"feasible.":[46],"Therefore,":[47],"it":[48],"important":[50],"reduce":[52],"the":[53,60,90,96,99,107,126,131,142,147,150,153,162,166,169,172,175,185,190],"energy":[54,145,164],"consumption":[55],"of":[56,98,165],"extend":[59],"network":[61,132,191],"lifetime.":[62],"An":[63],"effective":[64],"way":[65],"achieve":[67],"this":[68,103,119],"clustering.":[70,115],"This":[71],"paper":[72,104],"proposes":[73],"a":[74,122],"dual":[75],"cluster-head":[76,117,127,136,158],"energy-efficient":[77],"algorithm":[78,92,110,113,120],"(DCK-LEACH),":[79],"which":[80],"based":[82],"on":[83],"K-means":[84,91,112],"Canopy":[86,109],"optimization.":[87],"Considering":[88],"that":[89,181],"sensitive":[94],"location":[97],"initial":[100],"clustering":[101,154],"centers,":[102],"uses":[105,121],"both":[106],"dynamic":[108],"for":[114],"For":[116],"election,":[118],"hierarchy":[123],"minimize":[125],"burden":[128],"balance":[130],"load.":[133],"The":[134,156],"primary":[135],"selected":[138,160],"by":[139,161],"two":[140],"objectives:":[141],"node's":[143],"residual":[144,163],"distance":[148,170],"from":[149,171],"node":[151,187],"center.":[155],"vice":[157],"node,":[167],"nodes":[173],"base":[176],"station.":[177],"Simulator":[178],"results":[179],"show":[180],"DCK-LEACH":[182],"significantly":[183],"prolongs":[184],"energy-critical":[186],"lifetime":[188,192],"compared":[193],"with":[194],"existing":[195],"protocols.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-19T15:00:24.278416","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
