{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311154769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249701","title":"Optimal Underwater Acoustic Warfare Strategy Based on a Three-Layer GA-BP Neural Network","display_name":"Optimal Underwater Acoustic Warfare Strategy Based on a Three-Layer GA-BP Neural Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311154769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249701","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36560070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249701","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9701/pdf?version=1671696225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9701/pdf?version=1671696225","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070877889","display_name":"Zirui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-3223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zirui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080807912","display_name":"Jing Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147230869","display_name":"China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0410k9915","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147230869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Electronic Ship Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Shanghai 201100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Electronic Ship Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Shanghai 201100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147230869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457246","display_name":"Haitao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1870-5570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147230869","display_name":"China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0410k9915","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147230869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","Shanghai Electronic Ship Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Shanghai 201100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Electronic Ship Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Shanghai 201100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147230869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100663529","display_name":"Huiyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8796-7376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147230869","display_name":"China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0410k9915","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147230869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","Shanghai Electronic Ship Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Shanghai 201100, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Electronic Ship Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Shanghai 201100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147230869"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081417045","display_name":"Yukun Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7345-5482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukun Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070877889"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.38,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84460738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"24","first_page":"9701","last_page":"9701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.891803503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7540260553359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6609868407249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5332894325256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5234857797622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46923691034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.45574450492858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38139504194259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35326850414276123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.891803503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7540260553359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6609868407249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5332894325256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5234857797622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46923691034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.45574450492858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38139504194259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35326850414276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249701","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9701/pdf?version=1671696225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36560070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36560070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1bfa1cf687544658b17dd40a7949fb91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1bfa1cf687544658b17dd40a7949fb91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 24, p 9701 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/24/9701/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 24; Pages: 9701","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9782575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9782575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249701","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9701/pdf?version=1671696225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311154769.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311154769.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34688589","https://openalex.org/W1154240047","https://openalex.org/W1975513190","https://openalex.org/W1978093906","https://openalex.org/W1980092826","https://openalex.org/W1982583853","https://openalex.org/W2037621696","https://openalex.org/W2093811210","https://openalex.org/W2130372754","https://openalex.org/W2254984071","https://openalex.org/W2302904916","https://openalex.org/W2572865312","https://openalex.org/W2620843223","https://openalex.org/W2770696012","https://openalex.org/W2906832775","https://openalex.org/W2966578219","https://openalex.org/W2991939752","https://openalex.org/W2998732231","https://openalex.org/W3147502121","https://openalex.org/W4212884922","https://openalex.org/W4280554335","https://openalex.org/W4282946029","https://openalex.org/W4296742987","https://openalex.org/W4303712284","https://openalex.org/W4310676760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298017035","https://openalex.org/W3110700750","https://openalex.org/W2792147139","https://openalex.org/W2998675825","https://openalex.org/W4226354336","https://openalex.org/W3128220493","https://openalex.org/W2736804899","https://openalex.org/W2897443685","https://openalex.org/W4307654087","https://openalex.org/W2951100320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"defense":[1,110,126,187,193,210],"platform":[2,111,127,188,194,211],"is":[3,17,24,28,47],"usually":[4],"based":[5,40],"on":[6,41,204],"two":[7],"methods":[8],"to":[9,59,81,144,213],"make":[10],"underwater":[11,63,114,139,195],"acoustic":[12,64,115,140,196],"warfare":[13,65,116,141,197],"strategy":[14,117,198],"decisions.":[15],"One":[16],"through":[18],"Monte-Carlo":[19],"method":[20,58,102,200],"online":[21],"simulation,":[22],"which":[23,46],"slow.":[25],"The":[26,168],"other":[27],"by":[29,190],"typical":[30,34,176],"empirical":[31],"(database)":[32],"and":[33,50,74,106,181,217],"back-propagation":[35],"(BP)":[36],"neural":[37,72,79,89,160,179],"network":[38,73,80,90,161],"algorithms":[39],"genetic":[42],"algorithm":[43],"(GA)":[44],"optimization,":[45],"less":[48,51,172],"accurate":[49],"robust.":[52],"Therefore,":[53],"this":[54],"paper":[55,135],"proposes":[56],"a":[57,69,157],"build":[60],"an":[61,163],"optimal":[62,138],"feedback":[66],"system":[67],"using":[68],"three-layer":[70,87,158],"GA-BP":[71,88,159,178],"dropout":[75],"processing":[76],"of":[77,108,124,131,185,208],"the":[78,86,104,109,121,125,129,137,151,175,182,186,202,205,209,214],"prevent":[82],"overfitting,":[83],"so":[84],"that":[85],"has":[91],"adequate":[92],"memory":[93],"capability":[94],"while":[95],"still":[96],"having":[97],"suitable":[98],"generalization":[99],"capability.":[100],"This":[101,134,192],"improves":[103,189],"accuracy":[105],"stability":[107],"in":[112,128],"making":[113],"decisions,":[118],"thus":[119],"increasing":[120],"survival":[122,183,206],"probability":[123,184,207],"face":[130],"incoming":[132,145],"torpedoes.":[133],"uses":[136,156],"strategies":[142],"corresponding":[143],"torpedoes":[146],"with":[147,162],"different":[148],"postures":[149],"as":[150],"sample":[152],"set.":[153],"Additionally,":[154],"it":[155],"overfitting":[164],"treatment":[165],"for":[166],"training.":[167],"prediction":[169,199],"results":[170],"have":[171],"error":[173],"than":[174],"single-layer":[177],"network,":[180],"6.15%.":[191],"addresses":[201],"impact":[203],"due":[212],"decision":[215],"speed":[216],"accuracy.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
