{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311969555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249649","title":"Track-before-Detect Algorithm for Underwater Diver Based on Knowledge-Aided Particle Filter","display_name":"Track-before-Detect Algorithm for Underwater Diver Based on Knowledge-Aided Particle Filter","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311969555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249649","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36560018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249649","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9649/pdf?version=1670573460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9649/pdf?version=1670573460","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064266789","display_name":"Wenrong Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenrong Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008957381","display_name":"Feng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-180X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066414226","display_name":"Xiongwei Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiongwei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603280","display_name":"Juan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-866X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100603280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65072627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"24","first_page":"9649","last_page":"9649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.7071018218994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track-before-detect","display_name":"Track-before-detect","score":0.6563653945922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5950798988342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.59402996301651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5899830460548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5532186627388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5229126214981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4913982152938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4748659133911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4509434998035431}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.7071018218994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173028925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7831461","display_name":"Track-before-detect","level":4,"score":0.6563653945922852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5950798988342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.59402996301651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5899830460548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5532186627388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5229126214981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4913982152938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4748659133911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4509434998035431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249649","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9649/pdf?version=1670573460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36560018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36560018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:19fe2e176de34a0fb2225998f9c1025a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/19fe2e176de34a0fb2225998f9c1025a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 24, p 9649 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/24/9649/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 24; Pages: 9649","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9784946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9784946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249649","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9649/pdf?version=1670573460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311969555.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311969555.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971008109","https://openalex.org/W1973792507","https://openalex.org/W2010875673","https://openalex.org/W2052240371","https://openalex.org/W2067341428","https://openalex.org/W2121474958","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2332567453","https://openalex.org/W2394863419","https://openalex.org/W2423166846","https://openalex.org/W2586283610","https://openalex.org/W2595507267","https://openalex.org/W2624865156","https://openalex.org/W2796068862","https://openalex.org/W2805910867","https://openalex.org/W2916372995","https://openalex.org/W2946189871","https://openalex.org/W2963386712","https://openalex.org/W2999948534","https://openalex.org/W3008383159","https://openalex.org/W3081693052","https://openalex.org/W3100032709","https://openalex.org/W3127163518","https://openalex.org/W3176145532","https://openalex.org/W4200015668","https://openalex.org/W4200429553","https://openalex.org/W4210880691","https://openalex.org/W4211050527","https://openalex.org/W4223593794","https://openalex.org/W4225373558","https://openalex.org/W4283589953","https://openalex.org/W4292794802","https://openalex.org/W4295094447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2505159293","https://openalex.org/W1989212443","https://openalex.org/W2103644279","https://openalex.org/W4302986566","https://openalex.org/W1968585197","https://openalex.org/W2135362996","https://openalex.org/W3127163518","https://openalex.org/W2150578674","https://openalex.org/W877199042","https://openalex.org/W2122155275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,36,44,47,51,59,64,75,84,91,98,110,114,120,124,133,137,141,146,149,156,160,163],"underwater":[4,65],"detection":[5,179],"and":[6,109,144,170,180],"tracking":[7,181],"of":[8,46,63,87,113,123,140,162,178],"diver":[9,66],"targets":[10],"under":[11],"a":[12,23,29,70],"low":[13],"signal-to-reverberation":[14],"ratio":[15],"(SRR)":[16],"in":[17],"active":[18],"sonar":[19],"systems.":[20],"In":[21],"particular,":[22],"particle":[24,125,134],"filter":[25,126],"track-before-detect":[26],"based":[27,96],"on":[28,97],"knowledge-aided":[30,121],"(KA-PF-TBD)":[31],"algorithm":[32,165],"is":[33,40,94,129,166],"proposed.":[34],"Specifically,":[35],"original":[37],"echo":[38,88,115],"data":[39,89,116,173],"directly":[41],"used":[42,118,130,153],"as":[43,74,119],"input":[45],"algorithm,":[48],"which":[49],"avoids":[50],"information":[52,122],"loss":[53],"caused":[54],"by":[55,168],"threshold":[56],"detection.":[57],"Considering":[58],"prior":[60],"motion":[61,72],"knowledge":[62],"target,":[67],"we":[68],"established":[69],"multi-directional":[71,105],"model":[73,107],"state":[76],"transition":[77],"model.":[78],"An":[79],"efficient":[80],"method":[81],"for":[82],"calculating":[83],"statistical":[85,111],"characteristics":[86,112],"about":[90],"extended":[92],"target":[93,157],"proposed":[95,164],"non-parametric":[99],"kernel":[100],"density":[101],"estimation":[102],"theory.":[103],"The":[104],"movement":[106],"set":[108],"are":[117,152],"process:":[127],"this":[128],"to":[131,154],"calculate":[132],"weight":[135,151],"with":[136,148],"sub-area":[138],"instead":[139],"whole":[142],"area,":[143],"then":[145],"particles":[147],"highest":[150],"estimate":[155],"state.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"proved":[167],"simulation":[169],"sea-level":[171],"experimental":[172],"analysis":[174],"through":[175],"joint":[176],"evaluation":[177],"performance.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
