{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311967884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249640","title":"Predicting Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Running from the Sound of Footsteps","display_name":"Predicting Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Running from the Sound of Footsteps","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311967884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249640","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36560009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249640","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9640/pdf?version=1670577287","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9640/pdf?version=1670577287","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082773268","display_name":"Anderson Souza Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-8100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anderson Souza Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-8100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038569892","display_name":"Cristina-Ioana P\u00eer\u0219coveanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-7349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina-Ioana Pirscoveanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012231325","display_name":"John Rasmussen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3257-5653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3257-5653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012231325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3268,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52089651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"24","first_page":"9640","last_page":"9640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13176","display_name":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-reaction-force","display_name":"Ground reaction force","score":0.7011466026306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.6645360589027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4487098157405853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38775259256362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36838507652282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.34138351678848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16261029243469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.06342709064483643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96332660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610971","display_name":"Ground reaction force","level":3,"score":0.7011466026306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.6645360589027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4487098157405853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38775259256362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36838507652282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.34138351678848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16261029243469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.06342709064483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249640","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9640/pdf?version=1670577287","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36560009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36560009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/7f137818-0f0f-44ea-9ea0-68f182ab6b0b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/7f137818-0f0f-44ea-9ea0-68f182ab6b0b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oliveira, A S, Pirscoveanu, C-I & Rasmussen, J 2022, 'Predicting Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Running from the Sound of Footsteps', Sensors, vol. 22, no. 24, 9640. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249640","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2ac8ae07307043f9ba2204d97b62fbd9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2ac8ae07307043f9ba2204d97b62fbd9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 24, p 9640 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/24/9640/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 24; Pages: 9640","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9787899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9787899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/7f137818-0f0f-44ea-9ea0-68f182ab6b0b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144520982&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Oliveira , A S , Pirscoveanu , C-I &amp; Rasmussen , J 2022 , ' Predicting Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Running from the Sound of Footsteps ' , Sensors , vol. 22 , no. 24 , 9640 . https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249640","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249640","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9640/pdf?version=1670577287","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4857603770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FPK.2018-0048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327632","funder_display_name":"Kulturministeriet"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327632","display_name":"Kulturministeriet","ror":"https://ror.org/04qdzjg14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311967884.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003247436","https://openalex.org/W2030813228","https://openalex.org/W2075656714","https://openalex.org/W2116483451","https://openalex.org/W2151847628","https://openalex.org/W2192195988","https://openalex.org/W2462473110","https://openalex.org/W2513945743","https://openalex.org/W2526960454","https://openalex.org/W2726219372","https://openalex.org/W2805409433","https://openalex.org/W2810547642","https://openalex.org/W2941999549","https://openalex.org/W2956170460","https://openalex.org/W2998731068","https://openalex.org/W3007748561","https://openalex.org/W3028380150","https://openalex.org/W3083843390","https://openalex.org/W3087043308","https://openalex.org/W3092185979","https://openalex.org/W3095890146","https://openalex.org/W3113466500","https://openalex.org/W3128669110","https://openalex.org/W3129448342","https://openalex.org/W3172824707","https://openalex.org/W4220874114","https://openalex.org/W4224982626","https://openalex.org/W4225979779","https://openalex.org/W6726146629","https://openalex.org/W6784704921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W2076393078","https://openalex.org/W3186982001","https://openalex.org/W1984402782","https://openalex.org/W2137941439","https://openalex.org/W2004200960","https://openalex.org/W1999891779","https://openalex.org/W2029513011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"the":[1,23,32,41,66,106,116,125,129,137,145,182,186,202,214,222,230],"point":[2],"of":[3,5,25,34,58,82,156,164,177,184,188,213,232],"view":[4],"measurement,":[6],"footstep":[7],"sounds":[8,33,57,187],"represent":[9],"a":[10,74,112,151],"simple,":[11],"wearable":[12,218],"and":[13,55,104,168,235],"inexpensive":[14],"sensing":[15],"opportunity":[16,215],"to":[17,29,39,90,143,171,200,216,220],"assess":[18,221],"running":[19],"biomechanical":[20],"parameters.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"aim":[24],"this":[26],"study":[27],"was":[28,71,141],"investigate":[30],"whether":[31],"footsteps":[35,59,189],"can":[36],"be":[37],"used":[38],"predict":[40,144,201],"vertical":[42,67],"ground":[43,68,107,146,203,223],"reaction":[44,69,108,147,204,224],"force":[45,70,75,109,148,205,225],"profiles":[46,110,149,226],"during":[47],"running.":[48],"Thirty-seven":[49],"recreational":[50],"runners":[51,228],"performed":[52],"overground":[53],"running,":[54],"their":[56],"were":[60,120],"recorded":[61,72],"from":[62,86],"four":[63,92],"microphones,":[64],"while":[65],"using":[73,100,185],"plate.":[76],"We":[77,95],"generated":[78],"nine":[79],"different":[80,130],"combinations":[81,103,132],"microphone":[83,102,131],"data,":[84],"ranging":[85],"individual":[87],"recordings":[88],"up":[89],"all":[91],"microphones":[93],"combined.":[94],"trained":[96],"machine":[97,138,193],"learning":[98,139,194],"models":[99],"these":[101],"predicted":[105],"by":[111],"leave-one-out":[113],"approach":[114],"on":[115,197],"subject":[117],"level.":[118],"There":[119],"no":[121],"significant":[122],"differences":[123],"in":[124,190,211,229],"prediction":[126],"accuracy":[127,170],"between":[128],"(p":[133],"<":[134],"0.05).":[135],"Moreover,":[136],"model":[140],"able":[142],"with":[150,192],"mean":[152,160,169],"Pearson":[153],"correlation":[154],"coefficient":[155],"0.99":[157],"(range":[158,166],"0.79\u22120.999),":[159],"relative":[161],"root-mean-square":[162],"error":[163],"9.96%":[165],"2\u221223%)":[167],"define":[172],"rearfoot":[173],"or":[174],"forefoot":[175],"strike":[176],"77%.":[178],"Our":[179],"results":[180,208],"demonstrate":[181],"feasibility":[183],"combination":[191],"algorithms":[195],"based":[196],"Fourier":[198],"transforms":[199],"curves.":[206],"The":[207],"are":[209],"encouraging":[210],"terms":[212],"create":[217],"technology":[219],"for":[227],"interests":[231],"injury":[233],"prevention":[234],"performance":[236],"optimization.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
