{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311855664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249597","title":"A Dual Distribution Control Method for Multi-Power Components Energy Output of 4WD Electric Vehicles","display_name":"A Dual Distribution Control Method for Multi-Power Components Energy Output of 4WD Electric Vehicles","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311855664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9597/pdf?version=1670482349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9597/pdf?version=1670482349","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101695872","display_name":"Zhiqi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8096-6487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748494","display_name":"Liang Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-5678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023366207","display_name":"Zhuoran Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-7913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049790705","display_name":"Yinhang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3234-9787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738231","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/00b67z867","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinhang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Nanguan District, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001613013","display_name":"Jincheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-8999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jincheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084369241","display_name":"Wen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-3771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108723","display_name":"Changzhou Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020mrfq61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changzhou Institute of Technology, College of Automotive Engineering, Changzhou 213028, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changzhou Institute of Technology, College of Automotive Engineering, Changzhou 213028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100748494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4392738231"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54663446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"24","first_page":"9597","last_page":"9597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6416144967079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.6246135830879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.6145263910293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5753587484359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-range","display_name":"Driving range","score":0.575001060962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-cycle","display_name":"Driving cycle","score":0.5655377507209778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.5577940344810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regenerative-brake","display_name":"Regenerative brake","score":0.49771884083747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4753427505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4743346571922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.45285800099372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4425426125526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43660491704940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3365350067615509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08921799063682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brake","display_name":"Brake","score":0.07529816031455994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6416144967079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.6246135830879211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.6145263910293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5753587484359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780847881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3177122","display_name":"Driving range","level":4,"score":0.575001060962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169042556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16246150","display_name":"Driving cycle","level":4,"score":0.5655377507209778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.5577940344810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162380856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580078","display_name":"Regenerative brake","level":3,"score":0.49771884083747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4753427505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4743346571922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.45285800099372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4425426125526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43660491704940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3365350067615509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08921799063682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780999251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17022503","display_name":"Brake","level":2,"score":0.07529816031455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9597/pdf?version=1670482349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c37d74e543314465ada56a5473658431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c37d74e543314465ada56a5473658431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 24, p 9597 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/24/9597/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 24; Pages: 9597","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9784421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9784421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9597/pdf?version=1670482349","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311855664.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311855664.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76748864","https://openalex.org/W932531772","https://openalex.org/W2055127956","https://openalex.org/W2090674940","https://openalex.org/W2144943016","https://openalex.org/W2229118496","https://openalex.org/W2293671947","https://openalex.org/W2327269509","https://openalex.org/W2345026604","https://openalex.org/W2369904159","https://openalex.org/W2525138601","https://openalex.org/W2766090116","https://openalex.org/W2786871444","https://openalex.org/W2888380629","https://openalex.org/W2896077037","https://openalex.org/W2896299054","https://openalex.org/W2990564420","https://openalex.org/W2995473289","https://openalex.org/W3028765200","https://openalex.org/W3039299107","https://openalex.org/W3097378642","https://openalex.org/W3125018734","https://openalex.org/W3130780950","https://openalex.org/W3160253672","https://openalex.org/W3176874072","https://openalex.org/W3194618524","https://openalex.org/W3217159313","https://openalex.org/W4214810538","https://openalex.org/W6790018663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2810533760","https://openalex.org/W2964627364","https://openalex.org/W2127995711","https://openalex.org/W4210323698","https://openalex.org/W1556990800","https://openalex.org/W2107486489","https://openalex.org/W2072394279","https://openalex.org/W2090231145","https://openalex.org/W4327545682","https://openalex.org/W3114874629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"management":[1,47],"strategies":[2],"are":[3,107,123],"vitally":[4],"important":[5],"to":[6,10,56,64,127,136],"give":[7],"full":[8],"play":[9],"the":[11,14,30,58,61,65,72,77,81,86,90,94,98,100,104,111,115,121,129,138,141,145,148],"energy-saving":[12],"of":[13,24,32,38,49,60,71,80,92,97,103,120,131,140,150],"four-wheel":[15],"drive":[16],"electric":[17],"vehicle":[18,122],"(4WD":[19],"EV).":[20],"The":[21],"cooperative":[22,83],"output":[23,84],"multi-power":[25,87],"components":[26,106],"is":[27,134],"involved":[28],"in":[29,110],"process":[31],"driving":[33,67,118],"and":[34,68,114,117],"braking":[35,69],"energy":[36,46,82],"recovery":[37],"4WD":[39],"EV.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"proposes":[43],"a":[44],"novel":[45],"strategy":[48,54],"dual":[50],"equivalent":[51],"consumption":[52],"minimization":[53],"(D-ECMS)":[55],"improve":[57],"economy":[59,116,149],"vehicle.":[62,142],"According":[63],"different":[66],"states":[70],"vehicle,":[73,99],"D-ECMS":[74,151],"can":[75],"realize":[76,137],"proportional":[78],"control":[79],"among":[85],"components.":[88],"Under":[89],"premise":[91],"satisfying":[93],"dynamic":[95],"performance":[96],"operating":[101],"points":[102],"power":[105],"distributed":[108],"more":[109],"high-efficiency":[112],"range,":[113],"range":[119],"optimized.":[124],"In":[125],"order":[126],"achieve":[128],"effectiveness":[130],"D-ECMS,":[132],"MATLAB/Simulink":[133],"used":[135],"simulation":[139],"Compared":[143],"with":[144],"rule-based":[146],"strategy,":[147],"increased":[152],"by":[153],"4.35%.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2023-01-01T00:00:00"}