{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311729045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249569","title":"Classification of Heart Sounds Using Chaogram Transform and Deep Convolutional Neural Network Transfer Learning","display_name":"Classification of Heart Sounds Using Chaogram Transform and Deep Convolutional Neural Network Transfer Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311729045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249569","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36559937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9569/pdf?version=1670821400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9569/pdf?version=1670821400","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071107973","display_name":"Ali Harimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-3097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093808","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Shahrood","ror":"https://ror.org/00j1sp553","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210093808"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Harimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood 43189-36199, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood 43189-36199, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079943762","display_name":"Yahya Majd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4028-8750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yahya Majd","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Built Environment, Toowoomba Campus, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Darling Heights, QLD 4350, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Built Environment, Toowoomba Campus, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Darling Heights, QLD 4350, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030459094","display_name":"Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0863-1977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdorreza Alavi Gharahbagh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007041593","display_name":"Vahid Hajihashemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-8250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Hajihashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011589145","display_name":"Zeynab Esmaileyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-4171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093808","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Shahrood","ror":"https://ror.org/00j1sp553","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210093808"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeynab Esmaileyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood 43189-36199, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood 43189-36199, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045379032","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 J. M. Machado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-0114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 J. M. Machado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056546246","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Manuel R. S. Tavares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7603-6526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Manuel R. S. Tavares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056546246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4359,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90432978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"24","first_page":"9569","last_page":"9569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9103999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonocardiogram","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","score":0.9487260580062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7366315126419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7341321706771851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-sounds","display_name":"Heart sounds","score":0.729872465133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6633881330490112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6180177330970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5364101529121399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5139110088348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5035881400108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.4863587021827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.47411444783210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4553253650665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4470946192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40171578526496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3594638705253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10536327958106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09495574235916138}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159693508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301075","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","level":2,"score":0.9487260580062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7366315126419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7341321706771851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779435589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967103","display_name":"Heart sounds","level":2,"score":0.729872465133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6633881330490112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6180177330970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5364101529121399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5139110088348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5035881400108337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.4863587021827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.47411444783210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4553253650665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4470946192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40171578526496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3594638705253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10536327958106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09495574235916138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006331","descriptor_name":"Heart Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006331","descriptor_name":"Heart Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006331","descriptor_name":"Heart Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006347","descriptor_name":"Heart Sounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9569/pdf?version=1670821400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36559937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36559937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b7c9019ccb84746aa589386baf0e45e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b7c9019ccb84746aa589386baf0e45e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 24, p 9569 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/24/9569/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 24; Pages: 9569","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9782852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9782852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/146266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10216/146266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401934","display_name":"Open Repository of the University of Porto (University of Porto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","host_organization_name":"Universidade do Porto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22249569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9569/pdf?version=1670821400","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311729045.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311729045.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088386901","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2557139718","https://openalex.org/W2591169978","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2619925232","https://openalex.org/W2790139067","https://openalex.org/W2902810937","https://openalex.org/W2913111755","https://openalex.org/W2942861350","https://openalex.org/W2991201356","https://openalex.org/W2993118585","https://openalex.org/W2994955424","https://openalex.org/W2999026992","https://openalex.org/W3018625718","https://openalex.org/W3037146579","https://openalex.org/W3040054640","https://openalex.org/W3045378552","https://openalex.org/W3046236234","https://openalex.org/W3082166846","https://openalex.org/W3088922629","https://openalex.org/W3094440500","https://openalex.org/W3108711884","https://openalex.org/W3115228315","https://openalex.org/W3158216587","https://openalex.org/W3161470454","https://openalex.org/W3162241632","https://openalex.org/W3165504692","https://openalex.org/W3174183088","https://openalex.org/W3200430820","https://openalex.org/W4205380033","https://openalex.org/W4206203292","https://openalex.org/W4206766697","https://openalex.org/W4213125503","https://openalex.org/W4213372256","https://openalex.org/W4220847164","https://openalex.org/W4220974377","https://openalex.org/W4284897283","https://openalex.org/W4292690000","https://openalex.org/W4293091656","https://openalex.org/W6801488095","https://openalex.org/W6839372641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152419616","https://openalex.org/W2728656984","https://openalex.org/W2153977700","https://openalex.org/W1506440961","https://openalex.org/W2018728702","https://openalex.org/W1972136701","https://openalex.org/W2182974840","https://openalex.org/W2083083343","https://openalex.org/W2066804906","https://openalex.org/W2792997810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heart":[0],"sounds":[1,95],"convey":[2],"important":[3],"information":[4],"regarding":[5],"potential":[6],"heart":[7,10,46,94,111],"diseases.":[8],"Currently,":[9],"sound":[11,47,112],"classification":[12],"attracts":[13],"many":[14],"researchers":[15],"from":[16],"the":[17,53,56,61,64,70,120,126,131,142,146,163,169],"fields":[18],"of":[19,63,69,119,148,158,176],"telemedicine,":[20],"digital":[21],"signal":[22,73,113],"processing,":[23],"and":[24,96,150],"machine":[25],"learning-among":[26],"others-mainly":[27],"to":[28,44,49,87,93,102,114,130,140],"identify":[29],"cardiac":[30],"pathology":[31],"as":[32,34,40,155],"quickly":[33],"possible.":[35],"This":[36,78],"article":[37],"proposes":[38],"chaogram":[39],"a":[41,104,110,174],"new":[42],"transform":[43],"convert":[45],"signals":[48],"colour":[50],"images.":[51],"In":[52,160],"proposed":[54,121],"approach,":[55],"output":[57],"image":[58],"is,":[59],"therefore,":[60],"projection":[62],"reconstructed":[65],"phase":[66],"space":[67],"representation":[68],"phonocardiogram":[71],"(PCG)":[72],"on":[74,125,134],"three":[75],"coordinate":[76],"planes.":[77],"has":[79],"two":[80],"major":[81],"benefits:":[82],"(1)":[83],"it":[84,98,137],"makes":[85],"possible":[86,101],"apply":[88],"deep":[89],"convolutional":[90],"neural":[91],"networks":[92],"(2)":[97],"is":[99,138,153],"also":[100],"employ":[103],"transfer":[105],"learning":[106],"scheme":[107],"by":[108],"converting":[109],"an":[115],"image.":[116],"The":[117],"performance":[118],"approach":[122],"was":[123],"verified":[124],"PhysioNet":[127],"dataset.":[128],"Due":[129],"imbalanced":[132],"data":[133],"this":[135,161],"dataset,":[136],"common":[139],"assess":[141],"results":[143,165],"quality":[144],"using":[145,168],"average":[147],"sensitivity":[149],"specificity,":[151],"which":[152,172],"known":[154],"score,":[156],"instead":[157],"accuracy.":[159],"study,":[162],"best":[164],"were":[166],"achieved":[167,173],"InceptionV3":[170],"model,":[171],"score":[175],"88.06%.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}