{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311626662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239495","title":"In-Line Wood Defect Detection Using Simple Scalar Network Analyzer","display_name":"In-Line Wood Defect Detection Using Simple Scalar Network Analyzer","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311626662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239495","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36502197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239495","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9495/pdf?version=1670229619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9495/pdf?version=1670229619","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088221531","display_name":"Mohamed Radwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0516-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Radwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0516-8382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065817738","display_name":"Noah Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-8948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noah Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-8948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061522977","display_name":"David V. Thiel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-9227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David V. Thiel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6052-9227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080820262","display_name":"Hugo G. Espinosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3974-6462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hugo G. Espinosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3974-6462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080820262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3239,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56357899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"23","first_page":"9495","last_page":"9495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12729","display_name":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-analyzer","display_name":"Network analyzer (electrical)","score":0.8267425298690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-analyzer","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","score":0.610546886920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5565732717514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5039390921592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4506984055042267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3548676669597626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3055449426174164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1507265269756317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14548179507255554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99101257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1529374","display_name":"Network analyzer (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.8267425298690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158007255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055222","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","level":2,"score":0.610546886920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5565732717514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5039390921592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4506984055042267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3548676669597626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3055449426174164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1507265269756317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14548179507255554}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008872","descriptor_name":"Microwaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008872","descriptor_name":"Microwaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008872","descriptor_name":"Microwaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014934","descriptor_name":"Wood","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014934","descriptor_name":"Wood","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014934","descriptor_name":"Wood","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239495","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9495/pdf?version=1670229619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36502197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36502197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:628615c10a48401ea9f96ed2d3cb366c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/628615c10a48401ea9f96ed2d3cb366c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 23, p 9495 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/23/9495/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 23; Pages: 9495","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9741001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9741001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/420122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/420122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402548","display_name":"Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","host_organization_name":"Griffith University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239495","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9495/pdf?version=1670229619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320981","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311626662.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311626662.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986257715","https://openalex.org/W1992989454","https://openalex.org/W2000840454","https://openalex.org/W2003579733","https://openalex.org/W2051355435","https://openalex.org/W2059127182","https://openalex.org/W2376942455","https://openalex.org/W2901680554","https://openalex.org/W2977585128","https://openalex.org/W2995308477","https://openalex.org/W2996733808","https://openalex.org/W3002228656","https://openalex.org/W3091532880","https://openalex.org/W3120316617","https://openalex.org/W3179994239","https://openalex.org/W3193389705","https://openalex.org/W3199290796","https://openalex.org/W3206240654","https://openalex.org/W3210760437","https://openalex.org/W4292120750","https://openalex.org/W6800535397","https://openalex.org/W6802259762","https://openalex.org/W6842702052","https://openalex.org/W7071538141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896842111","https://openalex.org/W2014562701","https://openalex.org/W4284970249","https://openalex.org/W2162525873","https://openalex.org/W1997828249","https://openalex.org/W2810677901","https://openalex.org/W2182253618","https://openalex.org/W2162602759","https://openalex.org/W2519358872","https://openalex.org/W2554389408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{").":[0],"Major":[1],"changes":[2],"from":[3,47],"baseline":[4],"are":[5],"an":[6,61],"accurate":[7],"method":[8],"to":[9],"detect":[10,38],"cavities":[11,41],"and":[12,40],"bolts":[13,39],"inside":[14],"the":[15,48],"wood.":[16],"Experiments":[17],"were":[18],"conducted":[19],"on":[20],"pinewood":[21],"beams":[22],"with":[23],"cross-section":[24],"dimensions":[25],"of":[26],"(70":[27],"mm":[28,45],"\u00d7":[29],"70":[30],"mm).":[31],"The":[32,51],"scalar":[33],"network":[34],"analyzer":[35],"circuit":[36],"can":[37,53],"within":[42],"a":[43],"30":[44],"range":[46],"wood":[49],"surface.":[50],"technique":[52],"be":[54],"used":[55],"for":[56],"timber":[57],"beam":[58],"preparation":[59],"in":[60],"automated":[62],"sawmill":[63],"at":[64],"speed.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
