{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311104687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239394","title":"Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective","display_name":"Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311104687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239394","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36502096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239394","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9394/pdf?version=1670229803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9394/pdf?version=1670229803","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023596076","display_name":"Abdulhalim Fayad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4933-766X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdulhalim Fayad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), 1117 Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), 1117 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023288330","display_name":"Tibor Cinkler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3605-445X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tibor Cinkler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), 1117 Budapest, Hungary","Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), 1117 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090832756","display_name":"Jacek Rak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-6097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacek Rak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046691435","display_name":"Manish Jha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), 1117 Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), 1117 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023596076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.142,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94839518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"23","first_page":"9394","last_page":"9394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7257289290428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.7003315091133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-optical-network","display_name":"Passive optical network","score":0.6030459403991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.585813581943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5650238394737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.5430545210838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.5142907500267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.461569219827652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4524884521961212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-network","display_name":"Access network","score":0.44309958815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4364822506904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.43540865182876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.4159359335899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3605932593345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.34896120429039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.2477378249168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2398669719696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.12727290391921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.11690470576286316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7257289290428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.7003315091133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204827203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027795","display_name":"Passive optical network","level":4,"score":0.6030459403991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.585813581943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5650238394737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.5430545210838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.5142907500267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.461569219827652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4524884521961212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62793504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228327","display_name":"Access network","level":2,"score":0.44309958815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4364822506904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.43540865182876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.4159359335899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3605932593345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.34896120429039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2477378249168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2398669719696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.12727290391921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.11690470576286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066506","descriptor_name":"Heuristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066506","descriptor_name":"Heuristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066506","descriptor_name":"Heuristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239394","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9394/pdf?version=1670229803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36502096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36502096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a493acf4fdef4a6badb6d9406bba984c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a493acf4fdef4a6badb6d9406bba984c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 23, p 9394 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/23/9394/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 23; Pages: 9394","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9740885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9740885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239394","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9394/pdf?version=1670229803","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4158048513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHIST-ERA-20-SICT-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326762","funder_display_name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Hivatal"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4398298745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAMBAS (CHIST-ERA-20-SICT-003)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","funder_display_name":"CHIST-ERA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4743369264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHIST-ERA-20-SICT-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","funder_display_name":"CHIST-ERA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8430433013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHIST-ERA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326762","display_name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Hivatal","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","display_name":"CHIST-ERA","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311104687.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311104687.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1788288079","https://openalex.org/W1994059846","https://openalex.org/W2004043441","https://openalex.org/W2006278018","https://openalex.org/W2029039526","https://openalex.org/W2042846010","https://openalex.org/W2068495981","https://openalex.org/W2132647318","https://openalex.org/W2182875390","https://openalex.org/W2296054864","https://openalex.org/W2328738977","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2497039592","https://openalex.org/W2528918542","https://openalex.org/W2544075565","https://openalex.org/W2585179060","https://openalex.org/W2664334281","https://openalex.org/W2769394227","https://openalex.org/W2893809153","https://openalex.org/W2893914074","https://openalex.org/W2894490218","https://openalex.org/W2895059999","https://openalex.org/W2939560403","https://openalex.org/W2946663674","https://openalex.org/W2948735548","https://openalex.org/W2955693079","https://openalex.org/W2966525096","https://openalex.org/W2972097480","https://openalex.org/W3007193003","https://openalex.org/W3017398324","https://openalex.org/W3037103914","https://openalex.org/W3107513624","https://openalex.org/W3119386262","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3148225273","https://openalex.org/W3181619495","https://openalex.org/W3184270655","https://openalex.org/W3195018038","https://openalex.org/W3204744928","https://openalex.org/W4220735059","https://openalex.org/W4250863246","https://openalex.org/W4281630013","https://openalex.org/W4289860487","https://openalex.org/W4387730059","https://openalex.org/W6799246055","https://openalex.org/W6810316423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592537445","https://openalex.org/W2117039245","https://openalex.org/W2497039592","https://openalex.org/W3138350675","https://openalex.org/W4327983820","https://openalex.org/W2238502947","https://openalex.org/W2588899857","https://openalex.org/W2511268924","https://openalex.org/W2791638519","https://openalex.org/W2474288807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"5G":[1,129,161,192],"and":[2,23,53,58,80,102,130,142,149,162,193,207,221,237,251],"the":[3,10,18,25,31,51,62,77,81,87,92,124,181,188,202,222,226,231],"forthcoming":[4],"6G":[5],"mobile":[6],"communication":[7],"systems":[8],"are":[9,121],"most":[11],"promising":[12,47],"cellular":[13],"generations":[14],"expected":[15],"to":[16,108,135,245],"beat":[17],"growing":[19],"hunger":[20],"for":[21,49,128,160,197],"bandwidth":[22],"enable":[24],"fully":[26],"connected":[27],"world":[28],"presented":[29,115],"by":[30,116,242],"Internet":[32],"of":[33,55,64,71,138,191,233],"Everything":[34],"(IoE).":[35],"The":[36],"cloud":[37],"radio":[38,73],"access":[39],"network":[40,132,199,248],"(CRAN)":[41],"has":[42,94],"been":[43,106],"proposed":[44,107,235],"as":[45,91,96,123,157],"a":[46,68,97,158],"architecture":[48],"meeting":[50],"needs":[52],"goals":[54],"5G/6G":[56],"(5G":[57],"beyond)":[59],"networks.":[60],"Nevertheless,":[61],"provisioning":[63],"cost-efficient":[65],"connections":[66],"between":[67],"large":[69],"number":[70],"remote":[72],"heads":[74],"(RRHs)":[75],"in":[76,86,168,180,240],"cell":[78],"sites":[79],"baseband":[82],"unit":[83],"(BBU)":[84],"pool":[85],"central":[88],"location,":[89],"known":[90],"fronthaul,":[93],"emerged":[95],"new":[98],"challenge.":[99],"Many":[100],"wired":[101],"wireless":[103],"solutions":[104],"have":[105],"address":[109,210],"this":[110,169],"bottleneck.":[111],"Specifically,":[112],"optical":[113,118,154,183],"technologies":[114],"passive":[117,153],"networks":[119,155],"(PONs)":[120],"introduced":[122],"best":[125],"suitable":[126],"solution":[127],"beyond":[131,194],"fronthaul":[133,159,184],"due":[134],"their":[136],"properties":[137],"providing":[139],"high":[140],"capacity":[141],"low":[143],"latency":[144],"connections.":[145],"We":[146,229],"considered":[147],"time":[148],"wavelength":[150],"division":[151],"multiplexed":[152],"(TWDM-PONs)":[156],"beyond.":[163],"Taking":[164],"that":[165,178],"into":[166],"consideration,":[167],"paper,":[170],"we":[171,212],"propose":[172],"an":[173],"integer":[174],"linear":[175],"program":[176],"(ILP)":[177],"results":[179],"optimal":[182],"deployment":[185],"while":[186],"minimizing":[187],"total":[189],"cost":[190],"instances.":[195],"However,":[196],"larger":[198],"instances,":[200],"solving":[201],"ILP":[203,236],"problem":[204],"becomes":[205],"unscalable":[206],"time-consuming.":[208],"To":[209],"that,":[211],"developed":[213],"two":[214],"heuristic-based":[215],"algorithms":[216,239],"(the":[217],"K-means":[218],"clustering":[219],"algorithm":[220],"one":[223],"based":[224],"on":[225],"genetic":[227],"algorithm-GA).":[228],"evaluated":[230],"suitability":[232],"our":[234],"heuristic":[238],"simulations":[241],"utilizing":[243],"them":[244],"plan":[246],"different":[247],"instances":[249],"(dense":[250],"sparse).":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
