{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311050909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239343","title":"Acoustic Sensing Based on Online Handwritten Signature Verification","display_name":"Acoustic Sensing Based on Online Handwritten Signature Verification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311050909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239343","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36502046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239343","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9343/pdf?version=1669823931","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9343/pdf?version=1669823931","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041950306","display_name":"Mengqi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-7478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengqi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen 518061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-7478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen 518061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101342008","display_name":"Jiawei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7893-1008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen 518061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen 518061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025486492","display_name":"Yongpan Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-6259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongpan Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen 518061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen 518061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001188748","display_name":"Kaishun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2216-0737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaishun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen 518061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Yuehai Street, Shenzhen 518061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041950306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4059,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60680798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"23","first_page":"9343","last_page":"9343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8177685737609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.6598843336105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5867145657539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.4748404622077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.43735480308532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.432400643825531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4306638240814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3930737376213074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2958734631538391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8177685737609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6598843336105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5867145657539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.4748404622077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.43735480308532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.432400643825531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4306638240814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3930737376213074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2958734631538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239343","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9343/pdf?version=1669823931","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36502046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36502046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:210e9a461b8043dc9f00c13087441153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/210e9a461b8043dc9f00c13087441153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 23, p 9343 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/23/9343/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 23; Pages: 9343","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9739632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9739632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239343","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9343/pdf?version=1669823931","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809387876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6753476047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515011509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6929297249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515011509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311050909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311050909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W235608144","https://openalex.org/W1542629324","https://openalex.org/W1545724712","https://openalex.org/W2008263014","https://openalex.org/W2067094919","https://openalex.org/W2131840135","https://openalex.org/W2147625760","https://openalex.org/W2160754664","https://openalex.org/W2165158100","https://openalex.org/W2394945029","https://openalex.org/W2525798395","https://openalex.org/W2525860450","https://openalex.org/W2558183247","https://openalex.org/W2594166921","https://openalex.org/W2625581252","https://openalex.org/W2625969058","https://openalex.org/W2766717877","https://openalex.org/W2789322824","https://openalex.org/W2890276013","https://openalex.org/W2890300891","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913952052","https://openalex.org/W2914439234","https://openalex.org/W2942182131","https://openalex.org/W2977240732","https://openalex.org/W2978673921","https://openalex.org/W2982679740","https://openalex.org/W2994621558","https://openalex.org/W3036524278","https://openalex.org/W3039539347","https://openalex.org/W3047147270","https://openalex.org/W3083708758","https://openalex.org/W3107818628","https://openalex.org/W3110016773","https://openalex.org/W3114203128","https://openalex.org/W3139254304","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6600322211","https://openalex.org/W6607259140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357191878","https://openalex.org/W3034529322","https://openalex.org/W1671124163","https://openalex.org/W1997078944","https://openalex.org/W2168674042","https://openalex.org/W2113597336","https://openalex.org/W1968065688","https://openalex.org/W4220830676","https://openalex.org/W2115913271","https://openalex.org/W2142945567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Handwritten":[0],"signatures":[1,11,55],"are":[2,108],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"for":[5,228],"identity":[6],"authorization.":[7],"However,":[8],"verifying":[9],"handwritten":[10,54],"is":[12,56,101],"cumbersome":[13],"in":[14,78,168,202],"practice":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,40,46,82,102,115,128,157,224],"the":[18,30,48,83,104,123,149,212,225],"dependency":[19],"on":[20,138],"extra":[21],"drawing":[22],"tools":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,161,163],"a":[26,34,44,63,112,117,133,143,193],"digitizer,":[27],"and":[28,50,76,92,141,187,220],"because":[29],"false":[31],"acceptance":[32],"of":[33,53,197],"forged":[35],"signature":[36,65,86,95,151],"can":[37,183],"cause":[38],"damage":[39],"property.":[41],"Therefore,":[42],"exploring":[43],"way":[45],"balance":[47],"security":[49],"user":[51],"experiment":[52],"critical.":[57],"In":[58,146],"this":[59,198],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,171],"propose":[62],"handheld":[64],"verification":[66,87,96,144,152],"scheme":[67],"called":[68],"SilentSign,":[69],"which":[70],"leverages":[71],"acoustic":[72,105],"sensors":[73],"(i.e.,":[74],"microphone":[75],"speaker)":[77],"mobile":[79],"devices.":[80],"Compared":[81],"previous":[84],"online":[85],"system,":[88],"it":[89],"provides":[90],"handy":[91],"safe":[93],"paper-based":[94],"services.":[97],"The":[98],"prime":[99],"notion":[100],"utilize":[103],"signals":[106],"that":[107,181,192],"bounced":[109],"back":[110],"via":[111],"pen":[113],"tip":[114],"depict":[116],"user's":[118],"signing":[119],"pattern.":[120],"We":[121,190],"designed":[122],"signal":[124],"modulation":[125],"stratagem":[126],"carefully":[127],"guarantee":[129],"high":[130],"performance,":[131],"developed":[132],"distance":[134],"measurement":[135],"algorithm":[136],"based":[137],"phase":[139],"shift,":[140],"trained":[142],"model.":[145],"comparison":[147],"with":[148,175],"traditional":[150],"scheme,":[153],"SilentSign":[154,167,182],"allows":[155],"users":[156],"sign":[158],"more":[159],"conveniently":[160],"well":[162],"invisibly.":[164],"To":[165],"evaluate":[166],"various":[169],"settings,":[170],"conducted":[172],"comprehensive":[173],"experiments":[174,223],"35":[176],"participants.":[177],"Our":[178,205],"results":[179],"reveal":[180],"attain":[184],"98.2%":[185],"AUC":[186],"1.25%":[188],"EER.":[189],"note":[191],"shorter":[194],"conference":[195,207,226],"version":[196],"paper":[199,208],"was":[200],"presented":[201],"Percom":[203],"(2019).":[204],"initial":[206],"did":[209],"not":[210],"finish":[211],"complete":[213],"experiment.":[214],"This":[215],"manuscript":[216],"has":[217],"been":[218],"revised":[219],"provided":[221],"additional":[222],"proceedings;":[227],"example,":[229],"by":[230],"including":[231],"System":[232],"Robustness,":[233],"Computational":[234],"Overhead,":[235],"etc.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
