{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310398018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239316","title":"Object Detection Based on Roadside LiDAR for Cooperative Driving Automation: A Review","display_name":"Object Detection Based on Roadside LiDAR for Cooperative Driving Automation: A Review","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310398018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239316","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36502018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239316","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9316/pdf?version=1669792832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9316/pdf?version=1669792832","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745410","display_name":"Pengpeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-3705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengpeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2032an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2032an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054273684","display_name":"Chenghao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-401X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2032an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2032an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049658962","display_name":"Runmin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9687-9918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2032an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2032an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059374249","display_name":"Xiangmo Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangmo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2032an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2032an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100745410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.9163,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92725103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"23","first_page":"9316","last_page":"9316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.9819426536560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.7716358304023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.63198322057724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6282833814620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6157227754592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5112795829772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4778425395488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.47273293137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4600368142127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45311084389686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3488740921020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2631686329841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2131918966770172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1042267382144928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.06772446632385254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.9819426536560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.7716358304023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.63198322057724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6282833814620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6157227754592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5112795829772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4778425395488739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.47273293137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4600368142127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45311084389686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3488740921020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2631686329841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2131918966770172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1042267382144928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.06772446632385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239316","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9316/pdf?version=1669792832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36502018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36502018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f61b76c8944249f0a9ce75b2de33f31d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f61b76c8944249f0a9ce75b2de33f31d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 23, p 9316 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/23/9316/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 23; Pages: 9316","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9738246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9738246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239316","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9316/pdf?version=1669792832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4427254701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B14043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5638582070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52232015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7848519681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B14043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310398018.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310398018.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":125,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015112491","https://openalex.org/W2015254403","https://openalex.org/W2094658656","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2528122233","https://openalex.org/W2565029242","https://openalex.org/W2607098679","https://openalex.org/W2792919579","https://openalex.org/W2794631752","https://openalex.org/W2798965597","https://openalex.org/W2800152030","https://openalex.org/W2805899829","https://openalex.org/W2885285090","https://openalex.org/W2892614179","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2897790791","https://openalex.org/W2903709398","https://openalex.org/W2904648219","https://openalex.org/W2909746114","https://openalex.org/W2920128915","https://openalex.org/W2923136550","https://openalex.org/W2944378183","https://openalex.org/W2945926083","https://openalex.org/W2947240406","https://openalex.org/W2948262534","https://openalex.org/W2948744044","https://openalex.org/W2962989428","https://openalex.org/W2963120444","https://openalex.org/W2963438049","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2965803762","https://openalex.org/W2967740791","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2970673508","https://openalex.org/W2982681137","https://openalex.org/W2985739927","https://openalex.org/W2987536315","https://openalex.org/W2989599882","https://openalex.org/W2996759437","https://openalex.org/W2997814983","https://openalex.org/W3000171824","https://openalex.org/W3001498532","https://openalex.org/W3002820529","https://openalex.org/W3004351857","https://openalex.org/W3005974859","https://openalex.org/W3008960059","https://openalex.org/W3009273697","https://openalex.org/W3009940932","https://openalex.org/W3021246204","https://openalex.org/W3024586432","https://openalex.org/W3030148515","https://openalex.org/W3034314779","https://openalex.org/W3034716600","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W3036934267","https://openalex.org/W3080980548","https://openalex.org/W3082942970","https://openalex.org/W3086327128","https://openalex.org/W3088821986","https://openalex.org/W3092605810","https://openalex.org/W3109991383","https://openalex.org/W3115926234","https://openalex.org/W3119659463","https://openalex.org/W3119981513","https://openalex.org/W3120148904","https://openalex.org/W3120363534","https://openalex.org/W3126714978","https://openalex.org/W3128391467","https://openalex.org/W3128782927","https://openalex.org/W3130417897","https://openalex.org/W3131323599","https://openalex.org/W3136022415","https://openalex.org/W3137210930","https://openalex.org/W3141617440","https://openalex.org/W3142427620","https://openalex.org/W3164989995","https://openalex.org/W3173112500","https://openalex.org/W3186292626","https://openalex.org/W3187263517","https://openalex.org/W3193192644","https://openalex.org/W3194454138","https://openalex.org/W3198790326","https://openalex.org/W3200068634","https://openalex.org/W3209102426","https://openalex.org/W3212274858","https://openalex.org/W3213318810","https://openalex.org/W3216342094","https://openalex.org/W3217305714","https://openalex.org/W4205629240","https://openalex.org/W4206562178","https://openalex.org/W4210252836","https://openalex.org/W4214482863","https://openalex.org/W4214852082","https://openalex.org/W4220815976","https://openalex.org/W4221161046","https://openalex.org/W4225130202","https://openalex.org/W4225164662","https://openalex.org/W4225517120","https://openalex.org/W4225603078","https://openalex.org/W4226434924","https://openalex.org/W4280502136","https://openalex.org/W4281479006","https://openalex.org/W4283272271","https://openalex.org/W4283327935","https://openalex.org/W4285102350","https://openalex.org/W4285813083","https://openalex.org/W4286285625","https://openalex.org/W4287832311","https://openalex.org/W4287878580","https://openalex.org/W4293075212","https://openalex.org/W4293178277","https://openalex.org/W4293211776","https://openalex.org/W4312737473","https://openalex.org/W4312939270","https://openalex.org/W4313162344","https://openalex.org/W4313180186","https://openalex.org/W4321455659","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6750670078","https://openalex.org/W6762744983","https://openalex.org/W6809418390","https://openalex.org/W6810950048","https://openalex.org/W6840494761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W4292830139","https://openalex.org/W4319309705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0],"Detection":[1],"and":[2,18,49,66,108,114,131,144,157,184],"Ranging":[3],"(LiDAR)":[4],"technology":[5],"has":[6,187],"the":[7,30,34,37,44,50,56,68,75,91,103,109,119,167,174,195],"advantages":[8],"of":[9,16,33,46,52,95,105,111,122,169,197],"high":[10],"detection":[11,113,124],"accuracy,":[12],"a":[13,127],"wide":[14],"range":[15],"perception,":[17],"not":[19],"being":[20],"affected":[21],"by":[22],"light.":[23],"The":[24],"3D":[25],"LiDAR":[26,81,107,130,139,162,181,199],"is":[27,173],"placed":[28],"at":[29],"commanding":[31],"height":[32],"traffic":[35,57],"scene,":[36],"overall":[38],"situation":[39],"can":[40,59,71,88],"be":[41,60,72],"grasped":[42],"from":[43],"perspective":[45],"top":[47],"view,":[48],"trajectory":[51],"each":[53],"object":[54,69,112,123],"in":[55,63,117,141,147,192],"scene":[58],"accurately":[61],"perceived":[62],"real":[64],"time,":[65],"then":[67,115],"information":[70],"distributed":[73],"to":[74,177],"surrounding":[76],"vehicles":[77],"or":[78],"other":[79],"roadside":[80,106,129,138,161,180,198],"through":[82],"advanced":[83],"wireless":[84],"communication":[85],"equipment,":[86],"which":[87],"significantly":[89],"improve":[90],"local":[92],"perception":[93,140,163,182,200],"ability":[94],"an":[96,188],"autonomous":[97],"vehicle.":[98],"This":[99],"paper":[100],"first":[101,175],"describes":[102],"characteristics":[104],"challenges":[110,156],"reviews":[116],"detail":[118],"current":[120,154],"methods":[121,183],"based":[125],"on":[126],"single":[128],"multi-LiDAR":[132],"cooperatives.":[133],"Then,":[134],"some":[135,153],"studies":[136],"for":[137,160,201],"adverse":[142],"weather":[143],"datasets":[145],"released":[146],"recent":[148],"years":[149],"are":[150,164],"introduced.":[151],"Finally,":[152],"open":[155],"future":[158],"works":[159],"discussed.":[165],"To":[166],"best":[168],"our":[170],"knowledge,":[171],"this":[172],"work":[176],"systematically":[178],"study":[179],"datasets.":[185],"It":[186],"important":[189],"guiding":[190],"role":[191],"further":[193],"promoting":[194],"research":[196],"practical":[202],"applications.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}