{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311012109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239291","title":"Detection of Double-Compressed Videos Using Descriptors of Video Encoders","display_name":"Detection of Double-Compressed Videos Using Descriptors of Video Encoders","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311012109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239291","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36501993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9291/pdf?version=1669773848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9291/pdf?version=1669773848","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037087502","display_name":"Yun Gu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0925-0084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161024014","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun Gu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079470279","display_name":"Gi-Hyun Na","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155313","display_name":"National Forensic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/051269613","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155313","https://openalex.org/I4399657972"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gihyun Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Gangwondo 26460, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Gangwondo 26460, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155313"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058274865","display_name":"Junseok Byun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155313","display_name":"National Forensic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/051269613","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155313","https://openalex.org/I4399657972"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junseok Byun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Gangwondo 26460, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Gangwondo 26460, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155313"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037087502"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2032,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49549369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"23","first_page":"9291","last_page":"9291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8119635581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.8102533221244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-compression-picture-types","display_name":"Video compression picture types","score":0.7612361907958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncompressed-video","display_name":"Uncompressed video","score":0.7017378211021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiview-video-coding","display_name":"Multiview Video Coding","score":0.687968909740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.6103230714797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-processing","display_name":"Video processing","score":0.5594926476478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5545917749404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smacker-video","display_name":"Smacker video","score":0.5522249341011047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5326153039932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-capture","display_name":"Video capture","score":0.5227308869361877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5165318846702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.4890021085739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-denoising","display_name":"Video denoising","score":0.48757046461105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-video","display_name":"Digital video","score":0.48101311922073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.46219852566719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-compensation","display_name":"Motion compensation","score":0.4564800560474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-matching-algorithm","display_name":"Block-matching algorithm","score":0.4213058054447174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.12219211459159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06284242868423462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8119635581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.8102533221244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106030495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1797012","display_name":"Video compression picture types","level":4,"score":0.7612361907958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162478608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4011369","display_name":"Uncompressed video","level":4,"score":0.7017378211021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23431618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404672","display_name":"Multiview Video Coding","level":4,"score":0.687968909740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.6103230714797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65483669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536669","display_name":"Video processing","level":2,"score":0.5594926476478577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5545917749404907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108803254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857512","display_name":"Smacker video","level":4,"score":0.5522249341011047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5326153039932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151211776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778015","display_name":"Video capture","level":3,"score":0.5227308869361877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5165318846702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.4890021085739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30814859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4119603","display_name":"Video denoising","level":5,"score":0.48757046461105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988454689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173131","display_name":"Digital video","level":3,"score":0.48101311922073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.46219852566719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128840427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302174","display_name":"Motion compensation","level":2,"score":0.4564800560474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167510206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835824","display_name":"Block-matching algorithm","level":4,"score":0.4213058054447174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.12219211459159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06284242868423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044962","descriptor_name":"Data Compression","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9291/pdf?version=1669773848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36501993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36501993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4734fc7b43274cafbe3e770a44e35909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4734fc7b43274cafbe3e770a44e35909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 23, p 9291 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/23/9291/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 23; Pages: 9291","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9740893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9740893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22239291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9291/pdf?version=1669773848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2354070436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-0-00011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321374","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311012109.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311012109.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24678375","https://openalex.org/W176573464","https://openalex.org/W1598549602","https://openalex.org/W1977855440","https://openalex.org/W1980486363","https://openalex.org/W1991569626","https://openalex.org/W1997127867","https://openalex.org/W2011523774","https://openalex.org/W2012889512","https://openalex.org/W2020843730","https://openalex.org/W2024718598","https://openalex.org/W2033140753","https://openalex.org/W2066368890","https://openalex.org/W2073684788","https://openalex.org/W2114667516","https://openalex.org/W2127496605","https://openalex.org/W2127619106","https://openalex.org/W2140199336","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2150886171","https://openalex.org/W2156350103","https://openalex.org/W2213745441","https://openalex.org/W2329434622","https://openalex.org/W2468595924","https://openalex.org/W2524859829","https://openalex.org/W2598783175","https://openalex.org/W2753052222","https://openalex.org/W3148545080","https://openalex.org/W3202918664","https://openalex.org/W4205781931","https://openalex.org/W4285266407","https://openalex.org/W6601015418","https://openalex.org/W6676900283","https://openalex.org/W6731211804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3151658841","https://openalex.org/W2515642036","https://openalex.org/W2013322428","https://openalex.org/W4256150327","https://openalex.org/W2369074649","https://openalex.org/W2395294900","https://openalex.org/W2289298825","https://openalex.org/W2169150177","https://openalex.org/W2324060399","https://openalex.org/W2383361181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,67,199],"digital":[1,63],"forensics,":[2],"video":[3,14,35,42,52,64,79,85,91,101,115,128,153,157,165,173,185,194,213],"becomes":[4],"important":[5,57],"evidence":[6,34],"in":[7,20,59,126,225],"an":[8,33],"accident":[9],"or":[10,28,197],"a":[11,30,50,72,77,104,133,156],"crime.":[12],"However,":[13],"editing":[15],"programs":[16],"are":[17],"easily":[18],"available":[19],"the":[21,56,60,81,127,136,149,152,160,163,169,172,179,183,189,192],"market,":[22],"and":[23,46,108,208,215],"even":[24],"non-experts":[25],"can":[26],"delete":[27],"modify":[29],"section":[31],"of":[32,55,62,84,89,135,145,151,162,171,191,205],"that":[36,96,217],"contains":[37],"adverse":[38],"evidence.":[39],"The":[40,87,139],"tampered":[41],"is":[43,53,93,158,166,195],"compressed":[44],"again":[45],"stored.":[47],"Therefore,":[48,178],"detecting":[49,76],"double-compressed":[51,78,164,184,223],"one":[54],"methods":[58],"field":[61],"tampering":[65],"detection.":[66],"this":[68,143],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,202],"present":[71],"new":[73],"approach":[74],"to":[75,111,168],"using":[80],"proposed":[82,140,180,219],"descriptors":[83,204],"encoders.":[86],"implementation":[88],"real-time":[90],"encoders":[92,102,116,214],"so":[94],"complex":[95],"manufacturers":[97],"should":[98],"develop":[99],"hardware":[100,114],"considering":[103],"trade-off":[105],"between":[106],"complexity":[107],"performance.":[109],"According":[110],"our":[112,200,218],"observation,":[113],"practically":[117],"do":[118],"not":[119],"use":[120],"all":[121],"possible":[122],"encoding":[123,137,146],"modes":[124,147],"defined":[125],"coding":[129],"standard":[130],"but":[131],"only":[132],"subset":[134,144],"modes.":[138],"method":[141,181,220],"defines":[142],"as":[148],"descriptor":[150,161,170,190],"encoder.":[154],"If":[155],"double-compressed,":[159],"changed":[167,196],"encoder":[174],"used":[175],"for":[176],"double-compression.":[177],"detects":[182,222],"by":[186],"checking":[187],"whether":[188],"test":[193],"not.":[198],"experiments,":[201],"show":[203],"various":[206],"H.264":[207],"High-Efficiency":[209],"Video":[210],"Coding":[211],"(HEVC)":[212],"demonstrate":[216],"successfully":[221],"videos":[224],"most":[226],"cases.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
