{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309703278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229024","title":"SGGformer: Shifted Graph Convolutional Graph-Transformer for Traffic Prediction","display_name":"SGGformer: Shifted Graph Convolutional Graph-Transformer for Traffic Prediction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309703278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229024","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22229024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/9024/pdf?version=1669251758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/9024/pdf?version=1669251758","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046982814","display_name":"Shilin Pu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilin Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748494","display_name":"Liang Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-5678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001613013","display_name":"Jincheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-8999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jincheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-8999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669334","display_name":"Shibo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9759-9536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9759-9536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102956549","display_name":"Jihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-4223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084369241","display_name":"Wen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-3771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108723","display_name":"Changzhou Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/020mrfq61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-3771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084369241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108723"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1079,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43789602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"22","first_page":"9024","last_page":"9024"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6735098361968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5957072973251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5491915941238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.51594477891922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4783484637737274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37033993005752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.324459433555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.21976009011268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1770600974559784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15545770525932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1263924241065979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6735098361968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5957072973251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5491915941238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.51594477891922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4783484637737274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37033993005752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.324459433555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.21976009011268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1770600974559784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15545770525932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1263924241065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22229024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/9024/pdf?version=1669251758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36433621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e638d42d2dea406d8c16c2f045ec320d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e638d42d2dea406d8c16c2f045ec320d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 22, p 9024 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/22/9024/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22229024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 22; Pages: 9024","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9698654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9698654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22229024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/9024/pdf?version=1669251758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4144075954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202008320074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309703278.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309703278.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1610291649","https://openalex.org/W1971993044","https://openalex.org/W2094745488","https://openalex.org/W2343567063","https://openalex.org/W2514159439","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2572939427","https://openalex.org/W2573587735","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2889230014","https://openalex.org/W2891358191","https://openalex.org/W2900125276","https://openalex.org/W2903871660","https://openalex.org/W2920997306","https://openalex.org/W2962790412","https://openalex.org/W2965341826","https://openalex.org/W2966693752","https://openalex.org/W2976882027","https://openalex.org/W2996847713","https://openalex.org/W2999301586","https://openalex.org/W3006927437","https://openalex.org/W3010004116","https://openalex.org/W3023724771","https://openalex.org/W3027664001","https://openalex.org/W3027983943","https://openalex.org/W3081708644","https://openalex.org/W3103720336","https://openalex.org/W3123909522","https://openalex.org/W3139955072","https://openalex.org/W3177318507","https://openalex.org/W3179429918","https://openalex.org/W3200151752","https://openalex.org/W4205601073","https://openalex.org/W4206483199","https://openalex.org/W6719270105","https://openalex.org/W6772631766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899909497","https://openalex.org/W2364238915","https://openalex.org/W2096492911","https://openalex.org/W3154635860","https://openalex.org/W2562018983","https://openalex.org/W4310420093","https://openalex.org/W4226332880","https://openalex.org/W2050740970","https://openalex.org/W1966714942","https://openalex.org/W2023710264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"traffic":[1,20,26,43,124,135],"prediction":[2,27,45,128],"is":[3,29,68,89,115,130],"significant":[4],"in":[5,101],"intelligent":[6],"cities'":[7],"safe":[8],"and":[9,58,93,137],"stable":[10],"development.":[11],"However,":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,33,91,117],"the":[15,35,64,72,77,95,99,105,111,119,138,143,147],"complex":[16],"spatiotemporal":[17],"correlation":[18,122],"of":[19,98,123],"flow":[21],"data,":[22,75],"establishing":[23],"an":[24,41],"accurate":[25],"model":[28,46,114],"still":[30],"challenging.":[31],"Aiming":[32],"meet":[34],"challenge,":[36],"this":[37],"paper":[38],"proposes":[39],"SGGformer,":[40],"advanced":[42,112],"grade":[44],"which":[47],"combines":[48],"a":[49,53,59,84],"shifted":[50,65],"window":[51,66],"operation,":[52],"multi-channel":[54,85],"graph":[55,60,86,107],"convolution":[56],"network,":[57],"Transformer":[61,108,113],"network.":[62],"Firstly,":[63],"operation":[67],"used":[69],"for":[70],"coarsening":[71],"time":[73],"series":[74],"thus,":[76],"computational":[78],"complexity":[79],"can":[80],"be":[81],"reduced.":[82],"Then,":[83],"convolutional":[87],"network":[88],"adopted":[90],"capture":[92],"aggregate":[94],"spatial":[96],"correlations":[97],"roads":[100],"multiple":[102],"dimensions.":[103],"Finally,":[104],"improved":[106],"based":[109],"on":[110],"proposed":[116,145],"extract":[118],"long-term":[120],"temporal":[121],"data":[125],"effectively.":[126],"The":[127],"performance":[129],"evaluated":[131],"by":[132],"using":[133],"actual":[134],"datasets,":[136],"test":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"SGGformer":[144],"exceeds":[146],"state-of-the-art":[148],"baseline.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}