{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309548434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229017","title":"Flat Multi-Wavelength Brillouin Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on a Sagnac Loop for High-Sensitivity Sensor","display_name":"Flat Multi-Wavelength Brillouin Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on a Sagnac Loop for High-Sensitivity Sensor","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309548434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229017","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22229017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/9017/pdf?version=1669103383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/9017/pdf?version=1669103383","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334683","display_name":"Liang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6484-871X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100623008","display_name":"Jian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-3886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115590237","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135714990","display_name":"North University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/047bp1713","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115590237"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135714990"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3694,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58231486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"22","first_page":"9017","last_page":"9017"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.7058208584785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brillouin-scattering","display_name":"Brillouin scattering","score":0.5699384212493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flatness","display_name":"Flatness (cosmology)","score":0.5310443043708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.522003710269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4953366816043854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.4631834030151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibre-optic-gyroscope","display_name":"Fibre optic gyroscope","score":0.45812827348709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-laser","display_name":"Fiber laser","score":0.4407771825790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erbium","display_name":"Erbium","score":0.43759772181510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4332123100757599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.41085532307624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3699161410331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.3340098261833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14878642559051514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7058208584785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43989790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578741","display_name":"Brillouin scattering","level":3,"score":0.5699384212493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778530986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5457948","display_name":"Flatness (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.5310443043708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.522003710269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4953366816043854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4631834030151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83736585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2141325","display_name":"Fibre optic gyroscope","level":3,"score":0.45812827348709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17163034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390528","display_name":"Fiber laser","level":3,"score":0.4407771825790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513967374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849","display_name":"Erbium","level":3,"score":0.43759772181510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4332123100757599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.41085532307624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3699161410331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3340098261833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14878642559051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22229017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/9017/pdf?version=1669103383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36433610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:305db80b856c4bb682478ce8e03f6494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/305db80b856c4bb682478ce8e03f6494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 22, p 9017 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/22/9017/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22229017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 22; Pages: 9017","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9694709","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9694709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22229017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22229017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/9017/pdf?version=1669103383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2647107872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201903D121124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6005197345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YDZJSX2022B005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6105246009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFF0301802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309548434.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309548434.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787487409","https://openalex.org/W1975660455","https://openalex.org/W1984312923","https://openalex.org/W1987070995","https://openalex.org/W1992272954","https://openalex.org/W2020490424","https://openalex.org/W2034688517","https://openalex.org/W2042450566","https://openalex.org/W2067290362","https://openalex.org/W2067690082","https://openalex.org/W2072022367","https://openalex.org/W2076728500","https://openalex.org/W2084513280","https://openalex.org/W2102178125","https://openalex.org/W2170253785","https://openalex.org/W2170905516","https://openalex.org/W2282008678","https://openalex.org/W2340927791","https://openalex.org/W2462127798","https://openalex.org/W2619959925","https://openalex.org/W2740940692","https://openalex.org/W2748689156","https://openalex.org/W2773875155","https://openalex.org/W2785796412","https://openalex.org/W2793639430","https://openalex.org/W2799610016","https://openalex.org/W2890100958","https://openalex.org/W2896698156","https://openalex.org/W2909267034","https://openalex.org/W2914446516","https://openalex.org/W2941429212","https://openalex.org/W3141569785","https://openalex.org/W6638169559","https://openalex.org/W6667424014","https://openalex.org/W6718978316"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789295429","https://openalex.org/W2066314436","https://openalex.org/W2733767282","https://openalex.org/W2510927817","https://openalex.org/W2540573954","https://openalex.org/W2743501974","https://openalex.org/W2782313579","https://openalex.org/W2588834286","https://openalex.org/W2508288055","https://openalex.org/W2003275872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"have":[1],"demonstrated":[2],"the":[3,47,53,55,73,96,109,164],"use":[4],"of":[5,61,95,120,134],"a":[6,16,26,33,82,152,157],"flat":[7,160],"multi-wavelength":[8,42],"Brillouin":[9,62,121],"erbium-doped":[10,22],"fiber":[11,23,175],"laser":[12],"(MWBEFL)":[13],"based":[14],"on":[15],"Sagnac":[17,30,154],"loop":[18,31,155],"with":[19,32,156],"an":[20],"unpumped":[21],"(Un-EDF)":[24],"as":[25,37],"high-sensitivity":[27,172],"sensor.":[28],"A":[29],"Un-EDF":[34],"was":[35,69,78,112,136],"used":[36],"power":[38,43,67,118],"equalizer":[39],"to":[40,90,105,145],"achieve":[41],"flatness":[44,68,94],"by":[45],"adjusting":[46],"birefringence":[48],"beat":[49],"length":[50],"properly.":[51],"In":[52],"experiments,":[54],"best":[56],"result":[57],"obtained":[58,150],"in":[59,171],"terms":[60],"Stokes":[63,122],"lines":[64,123],"and":[65,72,108,131,177],"output":[66],"\u00b10.315":[70,103],"dB":[71,80,104,107],"optical":[74,174],"signal-to-noise":[75],"ratio":[76],"(OSNR)":[77],"18.97":[79],"within":[81],"33":[83,97],"nm":[84,89,98],"bandwidth":[85,99],"range":[86,100,133,161],"from":[87,102],"1532.0":[88],"1565.0":[91],"nm.":[92],"The":[93,116,159],"varied":[101],"\u00b11.38":[106],"average":[110],"OSNR":[111],"about":[113,137],"17.51":[114],"dB.":[115,139],"peak":[117],"values":[119,149],"observed":[124],"under":[125],"different":[126],"wavelengths":[127],"were":[128,143],"extremely":[129],"close":[130,144],"their":[132],"fluctuation":[135],"\u00b10.37":[138],"These":[140],"experimental":[141,148],"results":[142],"our":[146],"previous":[147],"using":[151],"passive":[153],"Un-EDF.":[158],"covering":[162],"almost":[163],"entire":[165],"C-band":[166],"has":[167],"broad":[168],"application":[169],"prospects":[170],"distributed":[173],"sensing":[176],"wavelength-division":[178],"multiplexing.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}