{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309743047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228955","title":"Microvalves for Applications in Centrifugal Microfluidics","display_name":"Microvalves for Applications in Centrifugal Microfluidics","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309743047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228955","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22228955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8955/pdf?version=1669103684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8955/pdf?version=1669103684","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060727586","display_name":"Snehan Peshin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-9996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140791","display_name":"Irvine University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ysmca02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Snehan Peshin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-9996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791","https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073716145","display_name":"Marc Madou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-3117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140791","display_name":"Irvine University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ysmca02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Madou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA","School of Engineering and Science, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-3117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791","https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Science, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006942986","display_name":"Lawrence Kulinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-3578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140791","display_name":"Irvine University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ysmca02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Kulinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-3578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140791","https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006942986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578","https://openalex.org/I4210140791"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.5528,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81410367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"22","first_page":"8955","last_page":"8955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluidics","display_name":"Fluidics","score":0.851134181022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.8112808465957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.6785070896148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5012128353118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4823591113090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.47926923632621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-control","display_name":"Flow control (data)","score":0.4585959017276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3508613109588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.33301985263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3254249095916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.22385871410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16508838534355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.11056724190711975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185571","display_name":"Fluidics","level":2,"score":0.851134181022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.8112808465957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.6785070896148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5012128353118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4823591113090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.47926923632621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186766456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612457","display_name":"Flow control (data)","level":2,"score":0.4585959017276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3508613109588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.33301985263824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3254249095916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.22385871410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16508838534355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.11056724190711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001826","descriptor_name":"Body Fluids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001826","descriptor_name":"Body Fluids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001826","descriptor_name":"Body Fluids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010949","descriptor_name":"Plasma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010949","descriptor_name":"Plasma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010949","descriptor_name":"Plasma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056656","descriptor_name":"Lab-On-A-Chip Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057785","descriptor_name":"Catheters","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057785","descriptor_name":"Catheters","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057785","descriptor_name":"Catheters","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22228955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8955/pdf?version=1669103684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36433550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1853fe0192664c0bb886d7b8f2b6ec56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1853fe0192664c0bb886d7b8f2b6ec56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 22, p 8955 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9t01k7gf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t01k7gf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, vol 22, iss 22","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/22/8955/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 22; Pages: 8955","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9693484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9693484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22228955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8955/pdf?version=1669103684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332688","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309743047.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309743047.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W389671959","https://openalex.org/W1558508375","https://openalex.org/W1591691911","https://openalex.org/W1641583058","https://openalex.org/W1883704198","https://openalex.org/W1963689285","https://openalex.org/W1965041557","https://openalex.org/W1967634318","https://openalex.org/W1974743608","https://openalex.org/W1982759742","https://openalex.org/W1983842268","https://openalex.org/W1985718165","https://openalex.org/W1986600979","https://openalex.org/W1990393923","https://openalex.org/W1992476388","https://openalex.org/W1993747457","https://openalex.org/W1994852242","https://openalex.org/W1996238940","https://openalex.org/W2001661282","https://openalex.org/W2002442615","https://openalex.org/W2005012889","https://openalex.org/W2018784117","https://openalex.org/W2025883340","https://openalex.org/W2027254003","https://openalex.org/W2033486296","https://openalex.org/W2035344817","https://openalex.org/W2039592312","https://openalex.org/W2049430046","https://openalex.org/W2051079880","https://openalex.org/W2051086698","https://openalex.org/W2051809530","https://openalex.org/W2054683671","https://openalex.org/W2057743146","https://openalex.org/W2068777209","https://openalex.org/W2071311642","https://openalex.org/W2073426930","https://openalex.org/W2077016299","https://openalex.org/W2080342787","https://openalex.org/W2080416055","https://openalex.org/W2082828982","https://openalex.org/W2083395606","https://openalex.org/W2084306647","https://openalex.org/W2084704179","https://openalex.org/W2085817796","https://openalex.org/W2087252761","https://openalex.org/W2089170931","https://openalex.org/W2090983970","https://openalex.org/W2093362732","https://openalex.org/W2102900586","https://openalex.org/W2104774843","https://openalex.org/W2116393753","https://openalex.org/W2133822631","https://openalex.org/W2148690302","https://openalex.org/W2154347237","https://openalex.org/W2157007641","https://openalex.org/W2160278229","https://openalex.org/W2167281092","https://openalex.org/W2182215489","https://openalex.org/W2514661222","https://openalex.org/W2514889736","https://openalex.org/W2909631550","https://openalex.org/W2955134690","https://openalex.org/W3005358220","https://openalex.org/W3038042487","https://openalex.org/W3111339134","https://openalex.org/W3170139793","https://openalex.org/W3185387494","https://openalex.org/W4200163861","https://openalex.org/W4213151307","https://openalex.org/W4232509335","https://openalex.org/W6686288063","https://openalex.org/W7000638428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385923988","https://openalex.org/W2055686434","https://openalex.org/W130619353","https://openalex.org/W2808489040","https://openalex.org/W2630429998","https://openalex.org/W2117839501","https://openalex.org/W1996430183","https://openalex.org/W2617419625","https://openalex.org/W404365526","https://openalex.org/W2314948697"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Centrifugal":[0],"microfluidic":[1,36,97],"platforms":[2,76],"(CDs)":[3],"have":[4],"opened":[5],"new":[6],"possibilities":[7],"for":[8,219,237],"inexpensive":[9],"point-of-care":[10],"(POC)":[11],"diagnostics.":[12],"They":[13],"are":[14,115,228],"now":[15],"widely":[16],"used":[17],"in":[18,94,118,131,140,144],"applications":[19,248],"requiring":[20,61],"polymerase":[21],"chain":[22],"reaction":[23],"steps,":[24],"blood":[25],"plasma":[26],"separation,":[27],"serial":[28,141],"dilutions,":[29,142],"and":[30,70,80,143,169,201,225,246],"many":[31],"other":[32,148,226,247],"diagnostic":[33],"processes.":[34],"CD":[35,74,174],"devices":[37],"allow":[38],"a":[39,91,101,110,125,151],"variety":[40],"of":[41,67,72,87,96,104,107,124,146,213,232,235],"complex":[42],"processes":[43,149],"to":[44,83,99,136],"transfer":[45],"onto":[46],"the":[47,73,85,105,122,134,137,159,179],"small":[48],"disc":[49,216],"platform":[50],"that":[51,193],"previously":[52],"were":[53],"carried":[54],"out":[55],"by":[56],"individual":[57],"expensive":[58],"laboratory":[59],"equipment":[60],"trained":[62],"personnel.":[63],"The":[64,230],"portability,":[65],"ease":[66],"operation,":[68],"integration,":[69],"robustness":[71],"fluidic":[75,126,162,175],"requires":[77],"simple,":[78],"reliable,":[79],"scalable":[81],"designs":[82],"control":[84,103],"flow":[86,106,244],"fluids.":[88],"Valves":[89],"play":[90],"vital":[92],"role":[93],"opening/closing":[95],"channels":[98],"enable":[100],"precise":[102],"fluids":[108],"on":[109,150,189],"centrifugal":[111],"platform.":[112],"Valving":[113],"systems":[114,182],"also":[116],"critical":[117],"isolating":[119],"chambers":[120],"from":[121],"rest":[123],"network":[127],"at":[128],"required":[129],"times,":[130],"effectively":[132],"directing":[133],"reagents":[135],"target":[138],"location,":[139],"integration":[145],"multiple":[147],"single":[152],"CD.":[153],"In":[154],"this":[155],"paper,":[156],"we":[157],"review":[158],"various":[160],"available":[161],"valving":[163,181],"systems,":[164],"discuss":[165],"their":[166,171,190,207],"working":[167],"principles,":[168],"evaluate":[170],"compatibility":[172],"with":[173],"platforms.":[176],"We":[177],"categorize":[178],"presented":[180],"into":[183],"either":[184],"\"active\",":[185],"\"passive\",":[186],"or":[187],"\"hybrid\"-based":[188],"actuation":[191,208],"mechanism":[192],"can":[194],"be":[195],"mechanical,":[196],"thermal,":[197],"hydrophobic/hydrophilic,":[198],"solubility-based,":[199],"phase-change,":[200],"others.":[202],"Important":[203],"topics":[204],"such":[205,240],"as":[206,241],"mechanism,":[209],"governing":[210],"physics,":[211],"variability":[212],"performance,":[214],"necessary":[215],"spin":[217],"rate":[218],"valve":[220,222],"actuation,":[221],"response":[223],"time,":[224],"parameters":[227],"discussed.":[229],"applicability":[231],"some":[233],"types":[234],"valves":[236],"specialized":[238],"functions":[239],"reagent":[242],"storage,":[243],"control,":[245],"is":[249],"summarized.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}