{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309455070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228932","title":"Distress Detection in Subway Tunnel Images via Data Augmentation Based on Selective Image Cropping and Patching","display_name":"Distress Detection in Subway Tunnel Images via Data Augmentation Based on Selective Image Cropping and Patching","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309455070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228932","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22228932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228932","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8932/pdf?version=1668762654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8932/pdf?version=1668762654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033215072","display_name":"Keisuke Maeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8039-3462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Maeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8039-3462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061280755","display_name":"Saya Takada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saya Takada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042184893","display_name":"Tomoki Haruyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoki Haruyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002757875","display_name":"Ren Togo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4474-3995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren Togo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4474-3995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009032240","display_name":"Takahiro Ogawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5332-8112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Ogawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5332-8112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Miki Haseyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miki Haseyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.3077,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51003461,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"22","first_page":"8932","last_page":"8932"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distress","display_name":"Distress","score":0.6529432535171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5386746525764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5148410201072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5076690912246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cropping","display_name":"Cropping","score":0.49505701661109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48836061358451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44935229420661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4391447901725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4194389283657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32268190383911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07046958804130554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.6529432535171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5386746525764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5148410201072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5076690912246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.49505701661109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48836061358451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44935229420661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4391447901725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4194389283657074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32268190383911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07046958804130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D011890","descriptor_name":"Railroads","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011890","descriptor_name":"Railroads","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011890","descriptor_name":"Railroads","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22228932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228932","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8932/pdf?version=1668762654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36433529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f9fd52ac2c664caab4851edce41937e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f9fd52ac2c664caab4851edce41937e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 22, p 8932 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp:2115/87629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2115/87629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400549","display_name":"Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (Hokkaido University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","host_organization_name":"Hokkaido University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01364:0007199339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2115/87629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/22/8932/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 22; Pages: 8932","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9699127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9699127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22228932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228932","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8932/pdf?version=1668762654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4092381066","display_name":"General-purpose deep learning theory for ultra-low computational complexity and low capacity in the age of edge AI","funder_award_id":"23K21676","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G542420254","display_name":"Development of a Sequential Data Cleansing Technique Based on Machine Learning for Medical Imaging","funder_award_id":"20K19857","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6486878841","display_name":"Construction of hyper-multimodal image classification technology based on the cognitive, decision-making, and behavioral processes of engineers","funder_award_id":"20K19856","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7063231623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP20K19856","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309455070.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309455070.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590784253","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1973143425","https://openalex.org/W2010820307","https://openalex.org/W2022427525","https://openalex.org/W2022974352","https://openalex.org/W2063739723","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2128880484","https://openalex.org/W2137160061","https://openalex.org/W2143458141","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2188091550","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2332793506","https://openalex.org/W2407692387","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2421824464","https://openalex.org/W2498401761","https://openalex.org/W2523358814","https://openalex.org/W2537717428","https://openalex.org/W2560550165","https://openalex.org/W2767258879","https://openalex.org/W2789202602","https://openalex.org/W2794351729","https://openalex.org/W2799323087","https://openalex.org/W2809016259","https://openalex.org/W2852994473","https://openalex.org/W2883774903","https://openalex.org/W2889494142","https://openalex.org/W2896969435","https://openalex.org/W2900595477","https://openalex.org/W2905163589","https://openalex.org/W2905467392","https://openalex.org/W2913119512","https://openalex.org/W2945463874","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2960163272","https://openalex.org/W2965904675","https://openalex.org/W2970573874","https://openalex.org/W3010407838","https://openalex.org/W3036112213","https://openalex.org/W3037276365","https://openalex.org/W3129394150","https://openalex.org/W3153572303","https://openalex.org/W3163259028","https://openalex.org/W3167386507","https://openalex.org/W3176923149","https://openalex.org/W3195101507","https://openalex.org/W3212811752","https://openalex.org/W4206591258","https://openalex.org/W4307823382","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6686704420","https://openalex.org/W7067909099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255911972","https://openalex.org/W2153777489","https://openalex.org/W4250802033","https://openalex.org/W2147805385","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W4402777390","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W3190509488","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W3123455296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distresses,":[0],"such":[1],"as":[2],"cracks,":[3],"directly":[4],"reflect":[5],"the":[6,13,30,40,64,71,77,87,101,105,116,143],"structural":[7],"integrity":[8],"of":[9,15,33,42,104,113],"subway":[10,16,43,128],"tunnels.":[11],"Therefore,":[12],"detection":[14,37,66,84,144],"tunnel":[17,24,129],"distress":[18,36,65,83],"is":[19,110],"an":[20],"essential":[21],"task":[22],"in":[23,121],"structure":[25],"maintenance.":[26],"This":[27],"paper":[28],"presents":[29],"performance":[31,145],"improvement":[32],"deep":[34],"learning-based":[35],"to":[38],"support":[39],"maintenance":[41],"tunnels":[44],"through":[45],"a":[46,82,123],"new":[47,92],"data":[48,61,78,151],"augmentation":[49],"method,":[50],"selective":[51],"image":[52,93],"cropping":[53],"and":[54,115],"patching":[55],"(SICAP).":[56],"Specifically,":[57],"we":[58,80],"generate":[59],"effective":[60,120],"for":[62,126],"training":[63,89],"model":[67,85,125],"by":[68,149],"focusing":[69],"on":[70,96],"distressed":[72],"regions":[73],"via":[74],"SICAP.":[75],"After":[76],"augmentation,":[79],"train":[81],"using":[86],"expanded":[88],"data.":[90],"The":[91,138],"generated":[94,117],"based":[95],"SICAP":[97],"does":[98],"not":[99],"change":[100],"pixel":[102],"values":[103],"original":[106],"image.":[107],"Thus,":[108],"there":[109],"little":[111],"loss":[112],"information,":[114],"images":[118],"are":[119],"constructing":[122],"robust":[124],"various":[127],"lines.":[130],"We":[131],"conducted":[132],"experiments":[133],"with":[134],"some":[135],"comparative":[136],"methods.":[137],"experimental":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"can":[146],"be":[147],"improved":[148],"our":[150],"augmentation.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}