{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309004062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228736","title":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Robot Microwave Imaging Based on Multi-Path Scattering Model","display_name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Robot Microwave Imaging Based on Multi-Path Scattering Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309004062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228736","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22228736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8736/pdf?version=1668673635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8736/pdf?version=1668673635","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709559","display_name":"Zhihua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2812-6648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025220059","display_name":"Xinya Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinya Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049926988","display_name":"Pei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1833-7555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007757589","display_name":"Tiancai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8159-321X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiancai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Technology and Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090922542","display_name":"Tao Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-4260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Yunnan Innovation Institute\u00b7BUAA, Kunming 650233, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-4260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Innovation Institute\u00b7BUAA, Kunming 650233, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067514706","display_name":"Linquan Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linquan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Innovation Institute\u00b7BUAA, Kunming 650233, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Innovation Institute\u00b7BUAA, Kunming 650233, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090922542"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10126621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"22","first_page":"8736","last_page":"8736"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6784295439720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6344311833381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5581000447273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.49790406227111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4863050878047943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.476694792509079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.46860870718955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.46227723360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4424852132797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.43810850381851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.42226940393447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2419264018535614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23575419187545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.21394547820091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18909984827041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17709162831306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15016517043113708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6784295439720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6344311833381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5581000447273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.49790406227111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4863050878047943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.476694792509079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.46860870718955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46227723360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4424852132797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.43810850381851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.42226940393447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2419264018535614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23575419187545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.21394547820091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18909984827041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17709162831306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15016517043113708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22228736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8736/pdf?version=1668673635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36433333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36433333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4a1bf51a45994e3dae2abde37ee72e1c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4a1bf51a45994e3dae2abde37ee72e1c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 22, p 8736 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/22/8736/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 22; Pages: 8736","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9696226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9696226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22228736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8736/pdf?version=1668673635","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309004062.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309004062.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607823060","https://openalex.org/W1967503254","https://openalex.org/W1972223074","https://openalex.org/W2000690667","https://openalex.org/W2010769244","https://openalex.org/W2041000272","https://openalex.org/W2067977206","https://openalex.org/W2136705449","https://openalex.org/W2796872992","https://openalex.org/W2913221264","https://openalex.org/W2995968471","https://openalex.org/W3044932790","https://openalex.org/W3047737426","https://openalex.org/W3156173621","https://openalex.org/W3158291340","https://openalex.org/W3161475904","https://openalex.org/W3207363831","https://openalex.org/W4200626639","https://openalex.org/W4226438215","https://openalex.org/W6794520967","https://openalex.org/W6794955298","https://openalex.org/W6795451662","https://openalex.org/W6802910990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000020747","https://openalex.org/W4312858480","https://openalex.org/W2464306678","https://openalex.org/W166002175","https://openalex.org/W1990218305","https://openalex.org/W3081598692","https://openalex.org/W2126876212","https://openalex.org/W4321016390","https://openalex.org/W1968969691","https://openalex.org/W2079569137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"Aerial":[1],"Vehicle":[2],"(UAV)":[3],"robot":[4,99,133,198],"microwave":[5,20,28,87,193],"imaging":[6,18,21,29,54,88,146,158,194],"systems":[7,30,47,195],"have":[8,31],"attracted":[9],"comprehensive":[10],"attention.":[11],"Compared":[12],"with":[13,141],"visible":[14],"light":[15],"and":[16,84,128,166,176,190],"infrared":[17],"systems,":[19],"is":[22,55,82,90,113],"not":[23],"susceptible":[24],"to":[25,52,92,171],"weather.":[26],"Active":[27],"been":[32],"realized":[33],"in":[34],"UAV":[35,50,67,98,132,197],"robots.":[36],"However,":[37],"the":[38,60,66,79,86,94,97,101,106,116,124,129,135,150,157,173,177,188],"scattering":[39,74,102,164,179],"signals":[40],"of":[41,62,76,119,162,181,192,196],"geographical":[42],"objects":[43],"from":[44,96,138],"satellite":[45,125,201],"transmitting":[46,202],"received":[48],"by":[49],"robots":[51],"process":[53],"studied":[56],"rarely,":[57],"which":[58,183],"reduces":[59],"need":[61],"load":[63],"weight":[64],"for":[65,187],"robot.":[68],"In":[69,109],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"a":[72,120,185],"multi-path":[73,107,178],"model":[75,165],"vegetation":[77,140],"on":[78,105,123,156],"earth":[80],"surface":[81],"proposed,":[83],"then":[85],"algorithm":[89],"introduced":[91],"reconstruct":[93],"images":[95],"receiving":[100],"data":[103],"based":[104],"model.":[108],"image":[110,167,174],"processing,":[111],"it":[112],"assumed":[114],"that":[115,149],"orbit":[117],"altitude":[118],"transmitter":[121],"loaded":[122,131],"remains":[126],"unchanged,":[127],"receiver":[130],"obtains":[134],"reflective":[136],"information":[137],"ground":[139],"different":[142],"zenith":[143],"angles.":[144],"The":[145,160],"results":[147,175],"show":[148],"angle":[151],"change":[152],"has":[153],"an":[154],"impact":[155],"resolution.":[159],"combination":[161],"electromagnetic":[163],"processing":[168],"method":[169],"contributes":[170],"understanding":[172],"mechanisms":[180],"vegetation,":[182],"provide":[184],"reference":[186],"research":[189],"development":[191],"networking":[199],"using":[200],"signals.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}