{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309089917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218425","title":"Pantograph Detection Algorithm with Complex Background and External Disturbances","display_name":"Pantograph Detection Algorithm with Complex Background and External Disturbances","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309089917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218425","mag":"36366124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218425","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8425/pdf?version=1667381644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8425/pdf?version=1667381644","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018475444","display_name":"Ping Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-3514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020461041","display_name":"Zhisheng Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhisheng Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032419354","display_name":"Wenjian Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjian Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056326728","display_name":"Xufeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-1711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xufeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101824771","display_name":"Jin Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4178-5599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064901436","display_name":"Chuyuan Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuyuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese-German Institute for Applied Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese-German Institute for Applied Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079615796","display_name":"Jien Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9080-8668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jien Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085641680","display_name":"Youtong Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8521-4184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youtong Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101824771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6947,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64846025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"21","first_page":"8425","last_page":"8425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12371","display_name":"Electrical Contact Performance and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12371","display_name":"Electrical Contact Performance and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6043925285339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49301907420158386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6043925285339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49301907420158386}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218425","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8425/pdf?version=1667381644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:36366124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL972187M/After_the_end_of_art","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5cc329e0fbcb497aa7c2226ff16354b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5cc329e0fbcb497aa7c2226ff16354b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 21, p 8425 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/21/8425/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 21; Pages: 8425","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9658874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9658874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218425","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8425/pdf?version=1667381644","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2438298598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0606000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2560648409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"and 51","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3812955510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51827810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3815084883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51677171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4385040264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4453134412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51677171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5467769347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201708330502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5641397543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G584836035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51637009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G648246536","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51577166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7373847194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G78829767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ICT2022B29","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326952","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8208342437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8589651859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326952","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309089917.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309089917.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72709021","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1485713398","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2016549401","https://openalex.org/W2036336127","https://openalex.org/W2038735287","https://openalex.org/W2066914995","https://openalex.org/W2078101614","https://openalex.org/W2106551223","https://openalex.org/W2108321183","https://openalex.org/W2132710243","https://openalex.org/W2138297093","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2207662563","https://openalex.org/W2557876419","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2785606247","https://openalex.org/W2894878591","https://openalex.org/W2899607431","https://openalex.org/W2921725755","https://openalex.org/W2948258040","https://openalex.org/W2954601363","https://openalex.org/W2963786238","https://openalex.org/W2972715869","https://openalex.org/W2972838552","https://openalex.org/W2974652037","https://openalex.org/W2981927700","https://openalex.org/W2990071526","https://openalex.org/W3000663518","https://openalex.org/W3016016303","https://openalex.org/W3017077355","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3109691771","https://openalex.org/W3116368108","https://openalex.org/W3118662707","https://openalex.org/W3137589698","https://openalex.org/W3158174011","https://openalex.org/W3162792916","https://openalex.org/W3198067745","https://openalex.org/W4293117599","https://openalex.org/W4313124175","https://openalex.org/W6667211414","https://openalex.org/W6669857154","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6755965428","https://openalex.org/W6768151624","https://openalex.org/W6787786866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1],"important":[2],"equipment":[3],"for":[4,111,137],"high-speed":[5,118],"railway":[6],"(HSR)":[7],"to":[8,29,85,93,123,150],"obtain":[9],"electric":[10],"power":[11],"from":[12],"outside,":[13],"the":[14,17,22,31,34,43,49,63,82,97,102,105,112,117,124,129,132,138,144,151,174,181,195,223,240,254],"state":[15],"of":[16,25,51,67,178,216,219,256],"pantograph":[18,36,73,98,125,145,152,263],"will":[19],"directly":[20,115],"affect":[21],"operation":[23,65],"safety":[24],"HSR.":[26],"In":[27],"order":[28],"solve":[30],"problems":[32],"that":[33,239],"current":[35],"detection":[37,74,109,135,161,166,184],"method":[38,170],"is":[39,84,104,131],"easily":[40],"affected":[41],"by":[42],"environment,":[44],"cannot":[45],"effectively":[46,252],"deal":[47],"with":[48,143,164],"interference":[50,114,198,261],"external":[52,113,139,196,260],"scenes,":[53],"has":[54,246,266],"a":[55,72,213],"low":[56],"accuracy":[57],"rate":[58],"and":[59,95,107,159,167,180,189,210,222,233,250,259,265],"can":[60,171,192,251],"hardly":[61],"meet":[62],"actual":[64],"requirements":[66],"HSR,":[68],"this":[69,206,244],"study":[70,207,245],"proposes":[71],"algorithm.":[75],"The":[76,157,202],"algorithm":[77,110,136,162,185,203,241],"mainly":[78],"includes":[79],"three":[80,226],"parts:":[81],"first":[83],"use":[86],"you":[87],"only":[88],"look":[89],"once":[90],"(YOLO)":[91],"V4":[92],"detect":[94],"locate":[96],"region":[99],"in":[100,205,243],"real-time;":[101],"second":[103],"blur":[106,160,177],"dirt":[108,158,175],"affecting":[116],"camera":[119],"(HSC),":[120],"which":[121,148],"leads":[122,149],"not":[126,153],"being":[127,154],"detected;":[128],"last":[130],"complex":[133,140,182,257],"background":[134,183,258],"scene":[141,197],"\u201coverlapping\u201d":[142],"when":[146],"imaging,":[147],"recognized":[155],"effectively.":[156],"combined":[163],"blob":[165],"improved":[168],"Brenner":[169],"accurately":[172],"evaluate":[173],"or":[176],"HSC,":[179],"based":[186],"on":[187,212,225,262],"grayscale":[188],"vertical":[190],"projection":[191],"greatly":[193],"reduce":[194],"during":[199],"HSR":[200,220],"operation.":[201],"proposed":[204,242],"was":[208],"analyzed":[209],"studied":[211],"large":[214],"number":[215],"video":[217],"samples":[218,229],"operation,":[221],"precision":[224],"different":[227],"test":[228],"reached":[230],"99.92%,":[231],"99.90%":[232],"99.98%,":[234],"respectively.":[235],"Experimental":[236],"results":[237],"show":[238],"strong":[247],"environmental":[248],"adaptability":[249],"overcome":[253],"effects":[255],"detection,":[264],"high":[267],"practical":[268],"application":[269],"value.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2022-11-21T00:00:00"}