{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307862525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218412","title":"Real-Time Condition Monitoring System for Electrode Alignment in Resistance Welding Electrodes","display_name":"Real-Time Condition Monitoring System for Electrode Alignment in Resistance Welding Electrodes","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307862525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218412","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36366111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8412/pdf?version=1667887058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8412/pdf?version=1667887058","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086778344","display_name":"D. Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-9875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Campus de Burjassot, Universidad de Valencia, CP 46100 Valencia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Campus de Burjassot, Universidad de Valencia, CP 46100 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089414411","display_name":"Eduardo Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4210-9835"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ford Spain, Poligono Industrial Ford S/N, Almussafes, CP 46440 Valencia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ford Spain, Poligono Industrial Ford S/N, Almussafes, CP 46440 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008523335","display_name":"J. Soret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8695-6334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas Soret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Campus de Burjassot, Universidad de Valencia, CP 46100 Valencia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Campus de Burjassot, Universidad de Valencia, CP 46100 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000878676","display_name":"Julio Martos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8455-6369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julio Martos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Campus de Burjassot, Universidad de Valencia, CP 46100 Valencia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Campus de Burjassot, Universidad de Valencia, CP 46100 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086778344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6173809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"21","first_page":"8412","last_page":"8412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14096","display_name":"Advancements in Materials Engineering","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.8893755674362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.8050063252449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spot-welding","display_name":"Spot welding","score":0.44282543659210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.42891374230384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.38642627000808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3686363101005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33822205662727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.33279556035995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.280342698097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06101119518280029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.8893755674362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.8050063252449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110209231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2327972","display_name":"Spot welding","level":3,"score":0.44282543659210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.42891374230384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38642627000808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3686363101005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33822205662727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.33279556035995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.280342698097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06101119518280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014896","descriptor_name":"Welding","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014896","descriptor_name":"Welding","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014896","descriptor_name":"Welding","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8412/pdf?version=1667887058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36366111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36366111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ee357dde3044c948bf821f5bd35ebc0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ee357dde3044c948bf821f5bd35ebc0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 21, p 8412 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/21/8412/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 21; Pages: 8412","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9657074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9657074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/122161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10550/122161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400245","display_name":"Repository of Digital Objects for Teaching Research and Culture (University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iba\u00f1ez Bordallo, Daniel Garcia Magraner, Eduardo Martos Torres, Julio Soret Medel, Jesus 2022 Real-time condition monitoring system for electrode alignment in resistance welding electrodes Sensors 22 21 1 13","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8412/pdf?version=1667887058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307862525.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984465827","https://openalex.org/W1999233378","https://openalex.org/W2040197167","https://openalex.org/W2042572890","https://openalex.org/W2049696499","https://openalex.org/W2079583418","https://openalex.org/W2161304687","https://openalex.org/W2173604443","https://openalex.org/W2174678657","https://openalex.org/W2205462796","https://openalex.org/W2282343518","https://openalex.org/W2319140650","https://openalex.org/W2467078681","https://openalex.org/W2520117405","https://openalex.org/W2795454550","https://openalex.org/W2900541254","https://openalex.org/W2914041846","https://openalex.org/W2924658959","https://openalex.org/W2974282347","https://openalex.org/W2986991103","https://openalex.org/W2998114875","https://openalex.org/W3037217501","https://openalex.org/W3042974604","https://openalex.org/W3137104123","https://openalex.org/W3147202659","https://openalex.org/W4205245061","https://openalex.org/W4225702312","https://openalex.org/W4238901987","https://openalex.org/W4289334420","https://openalex.org/W6695375704","https://openalex.org/W6719904464","https://openalex.org/W6726599099","https://openalex.org/W6772612567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2741990845","https://openalex.org/W4310136649","https://openalex.org/W2332410696","https://openalex.org/W2392393597","https://openalex.org/W2899733695","https://openalex.org/W1893706666","https://openalex.org/W2765177190","https://openalex.org/W2373904001","https://openalex.org/W2986991103","https://openalex.org/W2086600095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrode":[0],"misalignment,":[1],"produced":[2],"by":[3,66,108,115],"mechanical":[4],"fatigue":[5],"or":[6],"bad":[7],"adjustments":[8],"of":[9,23,33,36,39,46,59,83,100,117,121,133,154],"the":[10,24,34,40,43,47,60,80,95,98,104,123,131,148,151,155],"welding":[11,25,159],"gun,":[12],"leads":[13],"to":[14,62],"an":[15,127],"increase":[16],"in":[17,70,135],"expulsions,":[18],"deformations":[19],"and":[20,42,103],"quality":[21,45],"problems":[22,64],"joints.":[26],"Different":[27],"studies":[28,52],"have":[29,53],"focused":[30,54],"on":[31,55,147],"evaluations":[32],"influence":[35],"a":[37,57,76,118],"misalignment":[38,58,99],"electrodes":[41,61,102],"final":[44],"weld":[48],"nugget.":[49],"However,":[50],"few":[51],"determining":[56],"avoid":[63],"caused":[65],"this":[67,74],"defect,":[68],"especially":[69],"industrial":[71],"environments.":[72],"In":[73],"paper,":[75],"method":[77,111],"for":[78,130],"performing":[79],"condition":[81,152],"monitoring":[82,153],"electrode":[84],"alignment":[85,156],"degradation":[86],"was":[87,112],"developed":[88],"following":[89],"previous":[90],"research,":[91],"which":[92],"has":[93],"shown":[94],"relationship":[96],"between":[97],"short-circuited":[101],"magnetic":[105,124],"field":[106],"generated":[107],"them.":[109],"This":[110,141],"carried":[113],"out":[114],"means":[116],"device":[119],"capable":[120],"measuring":[122],"field.":[125],"Finally,":[126],"integral":[128],"system":[129,142],"detection":[132],"misalignments":[134],"real":[136],"production":[137],"lines":[138],"is":[139],"presented.":[140],"set":[143],"behavior":[144],"thresholds":[145],"based":[146],"experimentation,":[149],"allowing":[150],"after":[157],"each":[158],"cycle.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
