{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308123688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218385","title":"Monocular-Vision-Based Precise Runway Detection Applied to State Estimation for Carrier-Based UAV Landing","display_name":"Monocular-Vision-Based Precise Runway Detection Applied to State Estimation for Carrier-Based UAV Landing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308123688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218385","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36366084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218385","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8385/pdf?version=1667292392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8385/pdf?version=1667292392","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038612948","display_name":"Ning Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-7023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-7023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031025770","display_name":"Xiangrui Weng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangrui Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084524931","display_name":"Yunfeng Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-6773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028407822","display_name":"Linbin Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linbin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084524931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":8.2718,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96824693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"21","first_page":"8385","last_page":"8385"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runway","display_name":"Runway","score":0.8951437473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.643480658531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.56680828332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular-vision","display_name":"Monocular vision","score":0.5251050591468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5218621492385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular","display_name":"Monocular","score":0.5191987752914429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4924672544002533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4739373028278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45262807607650757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81155309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184590","display_name":"Runway","level":2,"score":0.8951437473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.643480658531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.56680828332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158829959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640606","display_name":"Monocular vision","level":2,"score":0.5251050591468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5218621492385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.5191987752914429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4924672544002533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4739373028278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45262807607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218385","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8385/pdf?version=1667292392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36366084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36366084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:21f689fc21f44673a7f89ae8b227fe76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/21f689fc21f44673a7f89ae8b227fe76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 21, p 8385 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/21/8385/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 21; Pages: 8385","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9653648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9653648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218385","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218385","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8385/pdf?version=1667292392","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2472261980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NJ2020021-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4034492375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SJCX21_0103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308123688.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308123688.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194077260","https://openalex.org/W2064930353","https://openalex.org/W2760714921","https://openalex.org/W2773624210","https://openalex.org/W2810389956","https://openalex.org/W2884473967","https://openalex.org/W2894142964","https://openalex.org/W2896330741","https://openalex.org/W2907313755","https://openalex.org/W2946315857","https://openalex.org/W2979845374","https://openalex.org/W2984628709","https://openalex.org/W2997496257","https://openalex.org/W2998973029","https://openalex.org/W3040945910","https://openalex.org/W3097754085","https://openalex.org/W3120524544","https://openalex.org/W3138995858","https://openalex.org/W3158991438","https://openalex.org/W3164723275","https://openalex.org/W3169262488","https://openalex.org/W3199821926","https://openalex.org/W3200664165","https://openalex.org/W4200042644","https://openalex.org/W4206017716","https://openalex.org/W4206785278","https://openalex.org/W4213453108","https://openalex.org/W6762882778","https://openalex.org/W6989964475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213997683","https://openalex.org/W2995270189","https://openalex.org/W2084124712","https://openalex.org/W2435467664","https://openalex.org/W2091635186","https://openalex.org/W4381188157","https://openalex.org/W4251947321","https://openalex.org/W2011626633","https://openalex.org/W2037866696","https://openalex.org/W2027891072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Improving":[0],"the":[1,6,11,23,35,82,90,107,138,149,153,158,166,194,201,213],"level":[2],"of":[3,16,25,38,84,92,109,152,193,206],"autonomy":[4],"during":[5,70,226],"landing":[7,27,37,55,159,179],"phase":[8],"helps":[9],"promote":[10],"full-envelope":[12],"autonomous":[13,36],"flight":[14,58],"capability":[15],"unmanned":[17],"aerial":[18],"vehicles":[19],"(UAVs).":[20],"Aiming":[21],"at":[22],"identification":[24],"potential":[26],"sites,":[28],"an":[29],"end-to-end":[30],"state":[31,96,224],"estimation":[32,225],"method":[33,141,188,215],"for":[34,86,94],"carrier-based":[39,177,227],"UAVs":[40],"based":[41,142,181],"on":[42,106,143,182,223],"monocular":[43,183],"vision":[44],"is":[45,146],"proposed":[46,214],"in":[47,57],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"which":[50,156,199],"allows":[51],"them":[52],"to":[53,78,162,176],"discover":[54],"sites":[56],"by":[59],"using":[60],"equipped":[61],"optical":[62],"sensors":[63],"and":[64,72,89,132,203,220],"avoid":[65],"a":[66,101,120,124,128,133,207,217],"crash":[67],"or":[68],"damage":[69],"normal":[71],"emergency":[73],"landings.":[74,229],"This":[75],"scheme":[76],"aims":[77],"solve":[79],"two":[80],"problems:":[81],"requirement":[83,91],"accuracy":[85],"runway":[87,103,167],"detection":[88,104,154,208],"precision":[93,219],"UAV":[95,178,228],"estimation.":[97],"First,":[98],"we":[99,172],"design":[100],"robust":[102],"framework":[105],"basis":[108],"YOLOv5":[110],"(you":[111],"only":[112],"look":[113],"once,":[114],"ver.":[115],"5)":[116],"with":[117,191],"four":[118],"modules:":[119],"data":[121],"augmentation":[122],"layer,":[123,127],"feature":[125,129],"extraction":[126],"aggregation":[130],"layer":[131],"target":[134],"prediction":[135,140,150,161],"layer.":[136],"Then,":[137],"corner":[139],"geometric":[144],"features":[145],"introduced":[147],"into":[148],"model":[151],"framework,":[155],"enables":[157],"field":[160],"more":[163],"precisely":[164],"fit":[165],"appearance.":[168],"In":[169,185],"simulation":[170],"experiments,":[171],"developed":[173],"datasets":[174],"applied":[175],"simulations":[180],"vision.":[184],"addition,":[186],"our":[187],"was":[189],"implemented":[190],"help":[192],"PyTorch":[195],"deep":[196],"learning":[197],"tool,":[198],"supports":[200],"dynamic":[202],"efficient":[204],"construction":[205],"network.":[209],"Results":[210],"showed":[211],"that":[212],"achieved":[216],"higher":[218],"better":[221],"performance":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}