{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307549278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218167","title":"Non-Contact VITAL Signs Monitoring of a Patient Lying on Surgical Bed Using Beamforming FMCW Radar","display_name":"Non-Contact VITAL Signs Monitoring of a Patient Lying on Surgical Bed Using Beamforming FMCW Radar","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307549278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218167","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36365862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218167","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8167/pdf?version=1667554716","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8167/pdf?version=1667554716","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016774173","display_name":"Sungmook Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-7388"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungmook Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["AU Inc., Daejeon 34139, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AU Inc., Daejeon 34139, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102495939","display_name":"Gwang Soo Jang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwang Soo Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AU Inc., Daejeon 34139, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AU Inc., Daejeon 34139, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003723862","display_name":"Wonyoung Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonyoung Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["AU Inc., Daejeon 34139, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AU Inc., Daejeon 34139, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058956762","display_name":"Baek-hyun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baek-hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["AU Inc., Daejeon 34139, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AU Inc., Daejeon 34139, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413818","display_name":"Dong Hyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3871-7002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100437","display_name":"SNUH SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/014xqzt56","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388","https://openalex.org/I4210100437"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100413818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100437"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77804801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"21","first_page":"8167","last_page":"8167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.603114664554596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5312471389770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vital-signs","display_name":"Vital signs","score":0.4774532914161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.4359200596809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3737483620643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3487021327018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3249615430831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2082938849925995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.19986575841903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19660314917564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.18355032801628113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.603114664554596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5312471389770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776890885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067560","display_name":"Vital signs","level":2,"score":0.4774532914161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.4359200596809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3737483620643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3487021327018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3249615430831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2082938849925995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.19986575841903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19660314917564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.18355032801628113}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055986","descriptor_name":"Vital Signs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055986","descriptor_name":"Vital Signs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055986","descriptor_name":"Vital Signs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218167","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8167/pdf?version=1667554716","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36365862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36365862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f08c121091954402ae804f55fac61d67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f08c121091954402ae804f55fac61d67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 21, p 8167 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/21/8167/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 21; Pages: 8167","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9656893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9656893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22218167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218167","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8167/pdf?version=1667554716","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307549278.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307549278.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563209870","https://openalex.org/W1973677426","https://openalex.org/W2022102190","https://openalex.org/W2298692413","https://openalex.org/W2420128470","https://openalex.org/W2500224179","https://openalex.org/W2562045927","https://openalex.org/W2565837874","https://openalex.org/W2769604985","https://openalex.org/W2790457091","https://openalex.org/W2808355487","https://openalex.org/W2906759948","https://openalex.org/W2925629343","https://openalex.org/W2945319194","https://openalex.org/W2952498881","https://openalex.org/W2953978366","https://openalex.org/W2967190791","https://openalex.org/W3020698208","https://openalex.org/W3036764947","https://openalex.org/W3084563134","https://openalex.org/W3100325602","https://openalex.org/W3103984870","https://openalex.org/W3112843328","https://openalex.org/W3128579128","https://openalex.org/W3155284821","https://openalex.org/W3160396525","https://openalex.org/W3167816568","https://openalex.org/W3173700573","https://openalex.org/W3194199490","https://openalex.org/W3212233150","https://openalex.org/W3212923483","https://openalex.org/W4200130876","https://openalex.org/W4200222462","https://openalex.org/W4200572692","https://openalex.org/W4220927435","https://openalex.org/W4221127479","https://openalex.org/W4224288250","https://openalex.org/W4224325568","https://openalex.org/W4226248044","https://openalex.org/W4226466261","https://openalex.org/W4285059248","https://openalex.org/W4285394445","https://openalex.org/W4290466040","https://openalex.org/W4295064897","https://openalex.org/W6782875277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W135666085","https://openalex.org/W2053514191","https://openalex.org/W30340901","https://openalex.org/W2555581363","https://openalex.org/W2091887884","https://openalex.org/W2999112690","https://openalex.org/W3154381281","https://openalex.org/W3177178041","https://openalex.org/W2767592251","https://openalex.org/W4323793904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Respiration":[0],"and":[1,88,98,137,151],"heartrates":[2,152],"are":[3,17],"important":[4],"information":[5],"for":[6,45,86,108,141],"surgery.":[7],"When":[8],"the":[9,13,23,26,29,33,47,92,101,126,157,163,179],"vital":[10,38,49,74,142,174],"signs":[11],"of":[12,25,35,52,135,148],"patient":[14,54,110,164],"lying":[15,55,111],"prone":[16],"monitored":[18,37,48],"using":[19,60,171],"radar":[20,69,128,180],"installed":[21],"on":[22,56,112],"back":[24],"surgical":[27,58,114],"bed,":[28],"surgeon's":[30],"movements":[31],"reduce":[32],"accuracy":[34,147],"these":[36],"signs.":[39],"This":[40],"study":[41],"proposes":[42],"a":[43,53,57,61,81,109,113,121,172],"method":[44],"enhancing":[46],"sign":[50,75],"accuracies":[51,76],"bed":[59,115],"60":[62],"GHz":[63],"frequency":[64],"modulated":[65],"continuous":[66],"wave":[67],"(FMCW)":[68],"system":[70],"with":[71,116,129],"beamforming.":[72],"The":[73,104],"were":[77],"enhanced":[78],"by":[79],"applying":[80],"fast":[82],"Fourier":[83],"transform":[84],"(FFT)":[85],"range":[87],"beamforming":[89,130],"which":[90],"suppress":[91],"noise":[93,138],"generated":[94],"at":[95],"different":[96],"ranges":[97],"angles":[99],"from":[100],"patient's":[102],"position.":[103],"experiment":[105],"was":[106,153,159,169],"performed":[107],"or":[117],"without":[118],"surgeon.":[119],"Comparing":[120],"continuous-wave":[122],"(CW)":[123],"Doppler":[124],"radar,":[125],"FMCW":[127],"improved":[131],"almost":[132],"22":[133],"dB":[134],"signal-to-interference":[136],"ratio":[139],"(SINR)":[140],"signals.":[143],"More":[144],"than":[145],"90%":[146],"monitoring":[149],"respiration":[150],"achieved":[154],"even":[155],"though":[156],"surgeon":[158],"located":[160],"next":[161],"to":[162],"as":[165],"an":[166],"interferer.":[167],"It":[168],"analyzed":[170],"proposed":[173],"signal":[175],"model":[176],"included":[177],"in":[178],"IF":[181],"equation.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}